文章已同步Github博客：SystemServer进程启动
使用到的相关源码：https://github.com/JesusYoung/AndroidResourceCode9.0/tree/master
基于Android 9.0
1、SystemServer进程作用
SystemServer进程主要是用于创建系统服务的，例如AMS、WMS、PMS；
SystemService进程被创建后，主要的处理如下：
- 初始化一些系统设置，虚拟机配置等；
- 启动Binder线程池，这样就可以与其他进程进行Binder跨进程通信；
- 创建SystemServiceManager，它用来对系统服务进行创建、启动和生命周期管理；
- 创建主线程Looper并进入循环等待消息；
- 启动各种系统服务：引导服务、核心服务、其他服务，如引导服务ActivityManagerService、PackageManagerService和其他服务WindowManagerService、InputManagerService即可；
2、SystemServer进程启动流程
2.1、Zygote进程调用
2.1.1、启动参数
在Init进程启动时，解析init.rc文件时，拿到相关启动参数，其中参数中包含“–start-system-server”，表示启动时要启动SystemServer进程，最终Zygote进程拿到相关参数，所以startSystemServer值为true；
2.1.2、Zygote进程fork
在Zygote进程启动后，执行ZygoteInit类的main()方法，通过fork的方式启动SystemServer；
启动完SystemServer之后会返回一个Runnable对象，在父进程Zygote中该Runnable对象为null，子进程SystemServer中不为null，会在SystemServer进程中执行该Runnable对象；
public static void main(String argv[]) {
ZygoteServer zygoteServer = new ZygoteServer();
...
boolean startSystemServer = false;
for (int i = 1; i < argv.length; i++) {
if ("start-system-server".equals(argv[i])) {
startSystemServer = true;
}...
}
...
zygoteServer.registerServerSocketFromEnv(socketName);
...
if (startSystemServer) {
Runnable r = forkSystemServer(abiList, socketName, zygoteServer);
// {@code r == null} in the parent (zygote) process, and {@code r != null} in the
// child (system_server) process.
if (r != null) {
r.run();
return;
}
}
...
}
在forkSystemServer()方法中，通过硬编码的方法写入启动参数数组，调用ZygoteConnection.Arguments类去解析该参数数组，最后调用Zygote类的forkSystemServer()方法去请求fork SystemServer进程；
如果fork成功，在父进程中会返回子进程的pid，子进程中会返回pid=0，并且子进程会继续从该处执行，判断pid大于0，如果有两个Zygote进程，则需要等待另一个也完成，然后子进程清除调从父进程fork过来的socket信息，继续执行handleSystemServerProcess()方法；
private static Runnable forkSystemServer(String abiList, String socketName, ZygoteServer zygoteServer) {
...
String args[] = {
"--setuid=1000",
"--setgid=1000",
"--setgroups=1001,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010,1018,1021,1023,1024,1032,1065,3001,3002,3003,3006,3007,3009,3010",
"--capabilities=" + capabilities + "," + capabilities,
"--nice-name=system_server",
"--runtime-args",
"--target-sdk-version=" + VMRuntime.SDK_VERSION_CUR_DEVELOPMENT,
"com.android.server.SystemServer",
};
ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs = null;
int pid;
try {
parsedArgs = new ZygoteConnection.Arguments(args);
...
/* Request to fork the system server process */
pid = Zygote.forkSystemServer(
parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid,
parsedArgs.gids,
parsedArgs.runtimeFlags,
null,
parsedArgs.permittedCapabilities,
parsedArgs.effectiveCapabilities);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
/* For child process */
if (pid == 0) {
if (hasSecondZygote(abiList)) {
waitForSecondaryZygote(socketName);
}
zygoteServer.closeServerSocket();
return handleSystemServerProcess(parsedArgs);
}
return null;
}
在Zygote的forkSystemServer()方法中，会先重置线程优先级，然后调用native方法去执行fork；
public static int forkSystemServer(int uid, int gid, int[] gids, int runtimeFlags,
int[][] rlimits, long permittedCapabilities, long effectiveCapabilities) {
VM_HOOKS.preFork();
// Resets nice priority for zygote process.
resetNicePriority();
int pid = nativeForkSystemServer(uid, gid, gids, runtimeFlags, rlimits, permittedCapabilities, effectiveCapabilities);
...
VM_HOOKS.postForkCommon();
return pid;
}
native private static int nativeForkSystemServer(int uid, int gid, int[] gids,
int runtimeFlags, int[][] rlimits,
long permittedCapabilities,
long effectiveCapabilities);
2.1.3、进入Native层方法
Zygote类对应的native方法在AndroidRuntime.cpp中注册的，调用com_android_internal_os_Zygote.cpp中的register_com_android_internal_os_Zygote()方法建立native方法的映射关系；
在native方法中又调用ForkAndSpecializeCommon()方法，创建完成后Zygote进程会去检查SystemServer是否已经启动，如果system_server创建失败后，会重启zygote进程，Zygote进程和SystemServer进程是Android系统的两个重要的进程，二者缺一不可，否则就无法正常运行；
static jint com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeForkSystemServer(
JNIEnv* env, jclass, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, jintArray gids, jint runtime_flags,
jobjectArray rlimits, jlong permittedCapabilities, jlong effectiveCapabilities) {
pid_t pid = ForkAndSpecializeCommon(env, uid, gid, gids, runtime_flags, rlimits,
permittedCapabilities, effectiveCapabilities,
MOUNT_EXTERNAL_DEFAULT, NULL, NULL, true, NULL,
NULL, false, NULL, NULL);
...
if (pid > 0) {
int status;
if (waitpid(pid, &status, WNOHANG) == pid) {
ALOGE("System server process %d has died. Restarting Zygote!", pid);
RuntimeAbort(env, __LINE__, "System server process has died. Restarting Zygote!");
}
}
return pid;
}
2.1.4、fork进程
在ForkAndSpecializeCommon()方法中，调用fork()函数去从父进程Zygote中fork出子进程，即SystemServer进程，然后根据进程pid去判断，做一些初始化工作；
在进程fork的时候，操作系统会复制一个与父进程完全相同的子进程，共享代码空间，但是数据空间是互相独立的，子进程数据空间中的内容是父进程的完整拷贝，指令指针也完全相同，子进程拥有父进程当前运行到的位置（两进程的程序计数器pc值相同，也就是说，子进程是从fork返回处开始执行的），但是两者返回的pid是不同的，如果fork成功，子进程中会返回pid=0，父进程Zygote中会返回子进程的pid，fork失败父进程中会返回负数；
子进程SystemServer创建成功之后，会将从父进程拷贝过来的数据做一些初始化操作；
// Utility routine to fork zygote and specialize the child process.
static pid_t ForkAndSpecializeCommon(JNIEnv* env, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, jintArray javaGids,
jint runtime_flags, jobjectArray javaRlimits,
jlong permittedCapabilities, jlong effectiveCapabilities,
jint mount_external,
jstring java_se_info, jstring java_se_name,
bool is_system_server, jintArray fdsToClose,
jintArray fdsToIgnore, bool is_child_zygote,
jstring instructionSet, jstring dataDir) {
SetSignalHandlers();
...
pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid == 0) {
// pid = 0 为在子进程中，即SystemServer进程，然后做一系列初始化工作
...
} else if (pid > 0) {
// pid > 0 为在父进程中，即Zygote进程
...
}
return pid;
}
2.1.5、Java层获取到结果
此时子进程SystemServer进程fork成功，顺着调用的API返回到ZygoteInit类的forkSystemServer()方法中，此时在Native层fork进程完成，结果返回到Java层，SystemServer进程从fork之后开始执行，即handleSystemServerProcess()；
2.1.6、SystemServer进程相关设置
初始化SystemServer进程名，创建类加载器等，继续调用zygoteInit()方法；
private static Runnable handleSystemServerProcess(ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs) {
...
// 设置进程名
if (parsedArgs.niceName != null) {
Process.setArgV0(parsedArgs.niceName);
}
...
if (parsedArgs.invokeWith != null) {
...
} else {
ClassLoader cl = null;
if (systemServerClasspath != null) {
cl = createPathClassLoader(systemServerClasspath, parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion);
Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(cl);
}
/*
* Pass the remaining arguments to SystemServer.
*/
return ZygoteInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion, parsedArgs.remainingArgs, cl);
}
}
在该方法中做一些初始化操作，如日志定向，通用初始化即Zygote的初始化，最后调用applicationInit()方法；
public static final Runnable zygoteInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) {
...
// 日志相关
RuntimeInit.redirectLogStreams();
RuntimeInit.commonInit();
ZygoteInit.nativeZygoteInit();
return RuntimeInit.applicationInit(targetSdkVersion, argv, classLoader);
}
RunTimeInit类中的commonInit()方法主要初始化一些通用配置，如日志、时区、Http User-agent、socket的tag等；
protected static final void commonInit() {
...
// 设置时区
TimezoneGetter.setInstance(new TimezoneGetter() {
@Override
public String getId() {
return SystemProperties.get("persist.sys.timezone");
}
});
TimeZone.setDefault(null);
...
// 设置默认的HTTP User-agent格式
String userAgent = getDefaultUserAgent();
System.setProperty("http.agent", userAgent);
...
}
在applicationInit()方法中初始化程序退出时的设置，设置虚拟机内存利用率参数，sdk版本等，随后继续调用findStaticMain()方法；
protected static Runnable applicationInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) {
// 程序退出时相关设置
nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup(true);
// 设置虚拟机的内存利用率参数值为0.75
VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetHeapUtilization(0.75f);
VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetSdkVersion(targetSdkVersion);
...
return findStaticMain(args.startClass, args.startArgs, classLoader);
}
2.1.7、进入SystemServer进程main方法
在findStaticMain()方法中通过反射找到SystemServer类的main()方法，将其作为参数新建MethodAndArgsCaller对象，MethodAndArgsCaller是一个Runnable对象，其run方法里是调用该传入的方法，即执行SystemServer类的main()方法；
protected static Runnable findStaticMain(String className, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) {
Class<?> cl;
try {
cl = Class.forName(className, true, classLoader);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException("Missing class when invoking static main " + className, ex);
}
Method m;
try {
m = cl.getMethod("main", new Class[] { String[].class });
} catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException("Missing static main on " + className, ex);
} catch (SecurityException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Problem getting static main on " + className, ex);
}
...
return new MethodAndArgsCaller(m, argv);
}
2.2、SystemServer进程工作
SystemServer的run()方法中，做了大量的初始化操作，如设置系统时间、设置虚拟机相关配置参数、binder调用相关、创建主线程Looper并循环等待消息、并创建SystemServerManager等；
public final class SystemServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new SystemServer().run();
}
private void run() {
try {
VMRuntime.getRuntime().clearGrowthLimit();
VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetHeapUtilization(0.8f);
Build.ensureFingerprintProperty();
Environment.setUserRequired(true);
BinderInternal.disableBackgroundScheduling(true);
BinderInternal.setMaxThreads(sMaxBinderThreads);
// Prepare the main looper thread (this thread).
android.os.Process.setThreadPriority(android.os.Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_FOREGROUND);
android.os.Process.setCanSelfBackground(false);
Looper.prepareMainLooper();
// Initialize native services.
System.loadLibrary("android_servers");
...
// Initialize the system context.
createSystemContext();
mSystemServiceManager = new SystemServiceManager(mSystemContext);
} finally {
...
}
// Start services.
try {
traceBeginAndSlog("StartServices");
startBootstrapServices();
startCoreServices();
startOtherServices();
SystemServerInitThreadPool.shutdown();
} catch (Throwable ex) {
...
}
...
// Loop forever.
Looper.loop();
throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
}
}
此时SystemServer进入自身的Looper循环中，等待消息处理，SystemServer进程正式运行起来了；
2.2.1、初始化配置
SystemServer启动之后，会执行一系列初始化操作，如判断系统时间是否早于1970年，设置系统时间、虚拟机内存设置、加载指纹信息、Binder调用的优先级、Binder线程池的最大数量、创建主线程Looper、加载android_servers库、初始化系统上下文、创建SystemServerManager等；
2.2.2、创建SystemServerManager
在run()方法中，会先执行createSystemContext()方法创建系统上下文对象，mSystemContext对象是从ActivityThread获取的，调用ActivityThread的systemMain()方法，执行其attach()方法，创建出App的context，及执行Application的onCreate()方法，系统上下文对象是通过ActivityThread的getSystemContext()方法获取，调用ContextImpl类的createSystemContext()方法创建；
private void createSystemContext() {
ActivityThread activityThread = ActivityThread.systemMain();
mSystemContext = activityThread.getSystemContext();
mSystemContext.setTheme(DEFAULT_SYSTEM_THEME);
final Context systemUiContext = activityThread.getSystemUiContext();
systemUiContext.setTheme(DEFAULT_SYSTEM_THEME);
}
# ActivityThread
public static ActivityThread systemMain() {
...
ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
thread.attach(true, 0);
return thread;
}
private void attach(boolean system, long startSeq) {
...
if (!system) {
...
} else {
...
try {
...
ContextImpl context = ContextImpl.createAppContext(this, getSystemContext().mPackageInfo);
mInitialApplication = context.mPackageInfo.makeApplication(true, null);
mInitialApplication.onCreate();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Unable to instantiate Application():" + e.toString(), e);
}
}
...
}
public ContextImpl getSystemContext() {
synchronized (this) {
if (mSystemContext == null) {
mSystemContext = ContextImpl.createSystemContext(this);
}
return mSystemContext;
}
}
拿到上下文对象，去创建SystemServerManager对象；
mSystemServiceManager = new SystemServiceManager(mSystemContext);
// SystemServiceManager
public class SystemServiceManager {
SystemServiceManager(Context context) {
mContext = context;
}
}
2.2.3、启动引导服务
SystemServer调用startBootstrapServices()方法去启动一系列的引导服务，如ActivityManagerService、PackageManagerService等；
private void startBootstrapServices() {
...
// 启动AMS
mActivityManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle.class).getService();
mActivityManagerService.setSystemServiceManager(mSystemServiceManager);
mActivityManagerService.setInstaller(installer);
...
// 启动PMS
mPackageManagerService = PackageManagerService.main(mSystemContext, installer, mFactoryTestMode != FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_OFF, mOnlyCore);
mFirstBoot = mPackageManagerService.isFirstBoot();
mPackageManager = mSystemContext.getPackageManager();
...
}
2.2.4、启动核心服务
启动核心服务，如电量管理服务、WebViewUpdateService等；
private void startCoreServices() {
...
mSystemServiceManager.startService(BatteryService.class);
...
if (mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_WEBVIEW)) {
traceBeginAndSlog("StartWebViewUpdateService");
mWebViewUpdateService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(WebViewUpdateService.class);
traceEnd();
}
...
}
2.2.5、启动其他服务
调用startOtherServices()方法创建其他服务，如NetworkManagementService、WindowManagerService、InputManagerService等；
并且在该方法中会执行ActivityManagerService的systemReady()方法，通过调用该方法会启动Launcher进程，即桌面App，桌面本身就是一个App进程；
private void startOtherServices() {
...
try {
networkManagement = NetworkManagementService.create(context);
ServiceManager.addService(Context.NETWORKMANAGEMENT_SERVICE, networkManagement);
}
...
// WMS
wm = WindowManagerService.main(context, inputManager, mFactoryTestMode != FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_LOW_LEVEL, !mFirstBoot, mOnlyCore, new PhoneWindowManager());
ServiceManager.addService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE, wm, /* allowIsolated= */ false, DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_CRITICAL | DUMP_FLAG_PROTO);
...
}
2.2.6、Looper循环消息
创建了主线程Looper，并执行loop()函数开启消息轮训等待消息到来；
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