android是如何创建一个view


View是所有控件的一个基类,无论是布局(Layout),还是控件(Widget)都是继承自View类。只不过layout是一个特殊的view,它里面创建一个view的数组可以包含其他的view而已。

这一篇文章把所有的layout和widget都统称为view,那么android是如何创建一个view的呢?

一。在代码中直接new出来。
比如说你要创建一个TextView的实例,那么你可以这样写:

[java] view plaincopy

    TextView text = new TextView(c);  //c为context对象,表明textview是在此对象中运行的。  


二。把控件写在xml文件中然后通过LayoutInflater初始化一个view。
注意:下面的内容不是顺序的看的而是交替的看的。否则可能弄迷糊。
可以通过

[java] view plaincopy

    //通过系统提供的实例获得一个LayoutInflater对象  
    LayoutInflater inflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);  
    //第一个参数为xml文件中view的id,第二个参数为此view的父组件,可以为null,android会自动寻找它是否拥有父组件  
    View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.resourceid, null);  

这样也得到了一个view的实例,让我们一步一步来看,这个view是怎么new出来的。
看类android.view.LayoutInflater
[java] view plaincopy

       public View inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root) {  
           return inflate(resource, root, root != null);  
       }  
      
      public View inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {  
           /*可以看到通过resource id返回了一个XmlResourceParser,通过类名就可以猜测
           这是一个xml的解析类。但点进去一看,发现它只是一个接口,它继承自 XmlPullParser用于pull方式解析xml的接口。和AttributeSet用于获取此view的所有属性。
        那么需要能找到它的实现类。先看下面resource类。
           */  
           XmlResourceParser parser = getContext().getResources().getLayout(resource);  
           try {  
               return inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot);  
           } finally {  
               parser.close();  
           }  
       }  
      
       /**
      * 终于到了重点,获取一个这个View的实例
      */  
    public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {  
           synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {  
            /**
              * 获取一个实现此AttributeSet的实例。因为此XmlPullParser是继承自AttributeSet
              * 的,所以parser对象可以直接作为一个AttributeSet对象。也可以用组合的方式
              * 把parser传递给另外一个实现自AttributeSet的对象,来获取一个AttributeSet实例。
            **/  
               final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);  
               mConstructorArgs[0] = mContext;      //构造函数的参数,第一个值是此view运行所在的对象context  
               View result = root;  
      
               try {  
                   // parser同时也继承了xmlPullParser,所以可以用pull解析来获取此view的根节点  
                   int type;  
                   while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG &&  
                           type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {  
                       // Empty  
                   }  
      
                   if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {  
                       throw new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription()  
                               + ": No start tag found!");  
                   }  
                   //获得根节点标签的名字  
                   final String name = parser.getName();  
                     
                //如果它的根节点是一个merge对象,则必须手动设置此view的父节点,否则抛出异常  
                //因为由merge创建的xml文件,常常被其他layout所包含  
                   if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {  
                       if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {  
                           throw new InflateException("<merge /> can be used only with a valid "  
                                   + "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true");  
                       }  
      
                       rInflate(parser, root, attrs);  
                   } else {  
                       // 此inflate的xml文件中的root view。即我们通过inflate返回得到的view  
                       View temp = createViewFromTag(name, attrs);  
      
                       ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;  
      
                       if (root != null) {  
                           // Create layout params that match root, if supplied  
                           params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);  
                           if (!attachToRoot) {  
                               // Set the layout params for temp if we are not  
                               // attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)  
                               temp.setLayoutParams(params);  
                           }  
                       }  
      
      
                       // 加载temp下所有的子view  
                       rInflate(parser, temp, attrs);  
      
      
                       //如果给出了root,则把此view添加到root中去  
                       if (root != null && attachToRoot) {  
                           root.addView(temp, params);  
                       }  
      
                       // Decide whether to return the root that was passed in or the  
                       // top view found in xml.  
                       if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {  
                           result = temp;  
                       }  
                   }  
      
               } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {  
                   InflateException ex = new InflateException(e.getMessage());  
                   ex.initCause(e);  
                   throw ex;  
               } catch (IOException e) {  
                   InflateException ex = new InflateException(  
                           parser.getPositionDescription()  
                           + ": " + e.getMessage());  
                   ex.initCause(e);  
                   throw ex;  
               }  
      
               return result;  
           }  
       }  
      
      
    /**
        *  
     * 有上至下递归的初始化所有子view和子view的子view。在此方法被调用完成后
     * 会调用此view的parent view的onFinishInflate方法。表明其子view全部加载完毕
        */  
       private void rInflate(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, final AttributeSet attrs)  
               throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {  
      
           final int depth = parser.getDepth();  
           int type;  
      
           while (((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_TAG ||  
                   parser.getDepth() > depth) && type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {  
      
               if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {  
                   continue;  
               }  
      
               final String name = parser.getName();  
                 
               if (TAG_REQUEST_FOCUS.equals(name)) {  
                   parseRequestFocus(parser, parent);  
               } else if (TAG_INCLUDE.equals(name)) {  
                   if (parser.getDepth() == 0) {  
                       throw new InflateException("<include /> cannot be the root element");  
                   }  
                   parseInclude(parser, parent, attrs);  
               } else if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {  
                   throw new InflateException("<merge /> must be the root element");  
               } else {         //看这里,创建view的方法。而且这里已经重新获得了它的  
                   final View view = createViewFromTag(name, attrs);  
                   final ViewGroup viewGroup = (ViewGroup) parent;  
                   final ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = viewGroup.generateLayoutParams(attrs);  
                   rInflate(parser, view, attrs);  
                   viewGroup.addView(view, params);  
               }  
           }  
      
           parent.onFinishInflate();  
       }  
      
      
    View createViewFromTag(String name, AttributeSet attrs) {  
           if (name.equals("view")) {  
               name = attrs.getAttributeValue(null, "class");  
           }  
      
           if (DEBUG) System.out.println("******** Creating view: " + name);  
      
           try {  
               View view = (mFactory == null) ? null : mFactory.onCreateView(name,  
                       mContext, attrs);  
      
               if (view == null) {  
                   if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) {       //这里只是为了判断xml文件中tag的属性是否加了包名  
                       view = onCreateView(name, attrs);  
                   } else {  
                       view = createView(name, null, attrs);  
                   }  
               }  
      
               if (DEBUG) System.out.println("Created view is: " + view);  
               return view;  
      
           } catch (InflateException e) {  
               throw e;  
      
           } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {  
               InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()  
                       + ": Error inflating class " + name);  
               ie.initCause(e);  
               throw ie;  
      
           } catch (Exception e) {  
               InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()  
                       + ": Error inflating class " + name);  
               ie.initCause(e);  
               throw ie;  
           }  
       }  
      
    /**
    * 真正创建一个view的方法,
    * 此方法是用反射获取构造器来实例对象而不是直接new出来这是为了处于性能优化考虑,
    * 同一个类名的不同对象,可以直接得到缓存的构造器直接获取一个构造器对象实例。而不需要
    * 重复进行new操作。
       *
    * @param name 此View的全名
    * @param prefix 前缀,值为 "android.view."其实就是是否包含包名
    * @param attrs 此view的属性值,传递给此view的构造函数
    */  
     public final View createView(String name, String prefix, AttributeSet attrs)  
               throws ClassNotFoundException, InflateException {  
           Constructor constructor = sConstructorMap.get(name); //缓存中是否已经有了一个构造函数  
           Class clazz = null;  
      
           try {  
               if (constructor == null) {  
                   //通过类名获得一个class对象  
                   clazz = mContext.getClassLoader().loadClass(  
                           prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name);  
                     
                   if (mFilter != null && clazz != null) {  
                       boolean allowed = mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz);  
                       if (!allowed) {  
                           failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);  
                       }  
                   }  
                //通过参数类型获得一个构造器,参数列表为context,attrs  
                   constructor = clazz.getConstructor(mConstructorSignature);  
                   sConstructorMap.put(name, constructor);      //把此构造器缓存起来  
               } else {  
                   // If we have a filter, apply it to cached constructor  
                   if (mFilter != null) {  
                       // Have we seen this name before?  
                       Boolean allowedState = mFilterMap.get(name);  
                       if (allowedState == null) {  
                           // New class -- remember whether it is allowed  
                           clazz = mContext.getClassLoader().loadClass(  
                                   prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name);  
                             
                           boolean allowed = clazz != null && mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz);  
                           mFilterMap.put(name, allowed);  
                           if (!allowed) {  
                               failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);  
                           }  
                       } else if (allowedState.equals(Boolean.FALSE)) {  
                           failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);  
                       }  
                   }  
               }  
      
               Object[] args = mConstructorArgs;  
               args[1] = attrs;     //args[0]已经在前面初始好了。这里只要初始化args[1]  
               return (View) constructor.newInstance(args);     //通过反射new出一个对象。。大功告成  
      
           } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {  
               InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()  
                       + ": Error inflating class "  
                       + (prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name));  
               ie.initCause(e);  
               throw ie;  
      
           } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {  
               // If loadClass fails, we should propagate the exception.  
               throw e;  
           } catch (Exception e) {  
               InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()  
                       + ": Error inflating class "  
                       + (clazz == null ? "<unknown>" : clazz.getName()));  
               ie.initCause(e);  
               throw ie;  
           }  
       }  

在类android.content.res.Resources类中获取XmlResourceParser对象;

[java] view plaincopy

     public XmlResourceParser getLayout(int id) throws NotFoundException {  
         return loadXmlResourceParser(id, "layout");  
     }  
      
    ackage*/ XmlResourceParser loadXmlResourceParser(int id, String type)  
             throws NotFoundException {  
         synchronized (mTmpValue) {  
    /*TypedValue对象保存了一些有关resource 的数据值,比如说,对于一个view来说,在xml
        文件中可以定义许多属性,TypedValue保存了其中一个属性的相关信息,包括此属性的值的类型
        type,是boolean还是color还是reference还是String,这些在attr.xml文件下都有定义。
        它的值的字符串名称;一个属性有多个值时,它从xml文件中获取的值它的顺序data;如果此属性的值
        的类型是一个reference则保存它的resource id的等等。
    */  
             TypedValue value = mTmpValue;  
             getValue(id, value, true);  
             if (value.type == TypedValue.TYPE_STRING) {  
                 return loadXmlResourceParser(value.string.toString(), id,  
                         value.assetCookie, type);  
             }  
             throw new NotFoundException(  
                     "Resource ID #0x" + Integer.toHexString(id) + " type #0x"  
                     + Integer.toHexString(value.type) + " is not valid");  
         }  
     }  
      
     /**
        *  getValue方法,id表示要查找的控件的 id,outValue是一个对象,用于保存一些属性相关信息
     *  resolveRefs为true表明,当通过属性id找到xml文件中的标签时,比如是一个<Button  android:id="@+id/button"/>
     * 它的值是一个引用reference,则继续解析获得这个id的值。这里看AssetManager类的实现*/  
     public void getValue(int id, TypedValue outValue, boolean resolveRefs)  
             throws NotFoundException {  
         boolean found = mAssets.getResourceValue(id, outValue, resolveRefs);  
         if (found) {  
             return;  
         }  
         throw new NotFoundException("Resource ID #0x"  
                                     + Integer.toHexString(id));  
     }  
       
     /*package*/ XmlResourceParser loadXmlResourceParser(String file, int id,  
             int assetCookie, String type) throws NotFoundException {  
         if (id != 0) {  
             try {  
        //取缓存  
                 synchronized (mCachedXmlBlockIds) {  
                     // First see if this block is in our cache.  
                     final int num = mCachedXmlBlockIds.length;  
                     for (int i=0; i<num; i++) {  
                         if (mCachedXmlBlockIds[i] == id) {  
                             //System.out.println("**** REUSING XML BLOCK!  id="  
                             //                   + id + ", index=" + i);  
                             return mCachedXmlBlocks[i].newParser();  
                         }  
                     }  
      
                    //第一次加载时,会打开这个文件获取一个xml数据块对象。  
           // 这里先看AssetManager类的实现  
                     XmlBlock block = mAssets.openXmlBlockAsset(  
                             assetCookie, file);  
      
            //下面会把此xmlBlock对象缓存起来,保存id和block,  
            //以后如果是同样的id,直接在缓存中取XmlBlock。  
            //这样就不用再在本地方法中打开文件创建解析树了。  
                     if (block != null) {    
                         int pos = mLastCachedXmlBlockIndex+1;  
                         if (pos >= num) pos = 0;  
                         mLastCachedXmlBlockIndex = pos;  
                         XmlBlock oldBlock = mCachedXmlBlocks[pos];  
                         if (oldBlock != null) {  
                             oldBlock.close();  
                         }  
                         mCachedXmlBlockIds[pos] = id;  
                         mCachedXmlBlocks[pos] = block;  
                         //返回的内部类继承了XmlResourceParser,在APi中此类是隐藏的  
                         return block.newParser();  
                     }  
                 }  
             } catch (Exception e) {  
                 NotFoundException rnf = new NotFoundException(  
                         "File " + file + " from xml type " + type + " resource ID #0x"  
                         + Integer.toHexString(id));  
                 rnf.initCause(e);  
                 throw rnf;  
             }  
         }  
      
         throw new NotFoundException(  
                 "File " + file + " from xml type " + type + " resource ID #0x"  
                 + Integer.toHexString(id));  
     }  

android.content.res.AssetManager类

[java] view plaincopy

      /*package*/ final boolean getResourceValue(int ident,  
                                                 TypedValue outValue,  
                                                 boolean resolveRefs)  
      {  
          int block = loadResourceValue(ident, outValue, resolveRefs);  
          if (block >= 0) {  
              if (outValue.type != TypedValue.TYPE_STRING) {  
                  return true;  
              }  
        //mStringBlocks通过本地方法保存所有布局文件的文件名  
              outValue.string = mStringBlocks[block].get(outValue.data);  
              return true;  
          }  
          return false;  
      }  
      
       //这是一个本地方法,是在本地方法中获取这个控件信息,返回通过此控件的id找到的文件名  
    //的位置,由于个人对c++不是很了解,只初略的解释本地方法的一些功能。  
    //对于的JNI文件位于:\frameworks\base\core\jni\android_util_AssetManager.cpp  
    private native final int loadResourceValue(int ident, TypedValue outValue,  
                                                 boolean resolve);  
      
      
      
      
    /**
     * 通过文件名,在本地方法中找到这个xml文件,并且在本地方法中生成一个xml解析对象。
     * 返回一个id,这个id对应java中的xmlBlock对象。这样xml文件就被load进了内存。
      * 也就是android所说的预编译,以后再访问只要直接去取数据即可
     */  
       /*package*/ final XmlBlock openXmlBlockAsset(int cookie, String fileName)  
          throws IOException {  
          synchronized (this) {  
              if (!mOpen) {  
                  throw new RuntimeException("Assetmanager has been closed");  
              }  
              int xmlBlock = openXmlAssetNative(cookie, fileName);  
              if (xmlBlock != 0) {  
            /*
            * 在XmlBlock对象中,终于到找了实现XmlResourceParser接口的类
            * Parser,它是XmlBlock的一个内部类。这里面可以获取所有xml文件中的内容。
            * 不管是属性还是Tag标签。这里xmlBlock是用来与本地类中的解析树对象对应的。
            * 所有的解析方法,其实都是调用的本地xml解析树中的方法。所以此类中有大量的
            * 本地方法。
            */  
                  XmlBlock res = new XmlBlock(this, xmlBlock);  
                  incRefsLocked(res.hashCode());  
                  return res;  
              }  
          }  
          throw new FileNotFoundException("Asset XML file: " + fileName);  
      }  

三 。通过view.findViewById(resourceid)获得一个view的实例
android.View.View类中

[java] view plaincopy

       //调用了通过id检索view的方法  
       public final View findViewById(int id) {  
           if (id < 0) {  
               return null;  
           }  
           return findViewTraversal(id);  
       }  
         
    //不是吧,这不是坑爹吗?猜想肯定是被viewgroup重写了  
    protected View findViewTraversal(int id) {  
           if (id == mID) {  
               return this;  
           }  
           return null;  
       }  

android.View.ViewGroup类中

[java] view plaincopy

    //哈哈,果然重写了此方法。其实就是在viewgroup包含的  
    //子view数组中进行遍历。那么view是什么时候被加入进  
    //viewgroup中的呢?如果是在代码中写,肯定是直接使用  
    //addView方法把view加入viewGroup。如果写在xml布局文件  
    //中,其实是在第二种方法中被加入view的。inflate加载父view  
    //时会同时把其所有的子view加载完,同时addView到父view中  
     protected View findViewTraversal(int id) {  
            if (id == mID) {  
                return this;  
            }  
      
            final View[] where = mChildren;  
            final int len = mChildrenCount;  
      
            for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {  
                View v = where[i];  
      
                if ((v.mPrivateFlags & IS_ROOT_NAMESPACE) == 0) {  
                    v = v.findViewById(id);  
      
                    if (v != null) {  
                        return v;  
                    }  
                }  
            }  
      
            return null;  
        }  

四。通过activity的setContentView方法和findViewById获取一个view的实例。
它是通过
getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID);设置window对象的view
再来看看window对象是在哪里获得到的,在类Activity中找到
mWindow = PolicyManager.makeNewWindow(this);
它是由PolicyManager生成的。
找到com.android.internal.policy.PolicyManager,找到方法

[java] view plaincopy

         
      
    //window是由sPolicy对象创建的  
       public static Window makeNewWindow(Context context) {  
           return sPolicy.makeNewWindow(context);  
       }  
      
       //sPolicy对象是通过反射,获取的一个实例  
    //此类的实现在com.android.internal.policy.impl.Policy中  
       private static final String POLICY_IMPL_CLASS_NAME =  
           "com.android.internal.policy.impl.Policy";  
      
       private static final IPolicy sPolicy;  
      
       static {  
           // Pull in the actual implementation of the policy at run-time  
           try {  
               Class policyClass = Class.forName(POLICY_IMPL_CLASS_NAME);  
               sPolicy = (IPolicy)policyClass.newInstance();  
           } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {  
               throw new RuntimeException(  
                       POLICY_IMPL_CLASS_NAME + " could not be loaded", ex);  
           } catch (InstantiationException ex) {  
               throw new RuntimeException(  
                       POLICY_IMPL_CLASS_NAME + " could not be instantiated", ex);  
           } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {  
               throw new RuntimeException(  
                       POLICY_IMPL_CLASS_NAME + " could not be instantiated", ex);  
           }  
       }  

找到com.android.internal.policy.impl.Policy类

[java] view plaincopy

    public PhoneWindow makeNewWindow(Context context) {  
        return new PhoneWindow(context);  
    }  

它其实是一个phoneWindow对象,继承自window对象
找到com.android.internal.policy.impl.phoneWindow 看它内部是如何把resourceid加载成一个view的

[java] view plaincopy

    private ViewGroup mContentParent;  
    //这是window的顶层视图,它包含一些窗口的装饰,比图title bar,状态栏等等  
       private DecorView mDecor;  
      
       //这里的layoutResID也是由mLayoutInflater进行加载的,加载的方式与第二种方法一样。  
    //只不过这里把的到的view变成了mContentParent的子view  
      @Override  
       public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {  
           if (mContentParent == null) {  
               installDecor();  
           } else {  
               mContentParent.removeAllViews();  
           }  
           mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);  
           final Callback cb = getCallback();  
           if (cb != null) {        //这是回调方法,表明mContentParent的子view已经发生改变  
               cb.onContentChanged();  
           }  
       }  
      
       //再来看看mContentParent究竟是何物,它肯定是一个viewGroup  
    private void installDecor() {  
           if (mDecor == null) {  
               mDecor = generateDecor();  
               mDecor.setDescendantFocusability(ViewGroup.FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS);  
               mDecor.setIsRootNamespace(true);  
           }  
           if (mContentParent == null) {  
               mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor);  
      
               mTitleView = (TextView)findViewById(com.android.internal.R.id.title);  
               if (mTitleView != null) {        //这里设置的是是否隐藏titleContainer,即头部titlebar  
                   if ((getLocalFeatures() & (1 << FEATURE_NO_TITLE)) != 0) {  
                       View titleContainer = findViewById(com.android.internal.R.id.title_container);  
                       if (titleContainer != null) {  
                           titleContainer.setVisibility(View.GONE);  
                       } else {  
                           mTitleView.setVisibility(View.GONE);  
                       }  
                       if (mContentParent instanceof FrameLayout) {  
                           ((FrameLayout)mContentParent).setForeground(null);  
                       }  
                   } else {  
                       mTitleView.setText(mTitle);  
                   }  
               }  
           }  
       }  
       
     //当顶层view为null是,new了一个DecorView  
     protected DecorView generateDecor() {  
           return new DecorView(getContext(), -1);  
       }  
      
       //这里生成了mContentParent。  
    protected ViewGroup generateLayout(DecorView decor) {  
       
      
      
           mDecor.startChanging();  
           //根据window的不同参数选择layoutResource  
           View in = mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResource, null);  
           decor.addView(in, new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT));  
      
           ViewGroup contentParent = (ViewGroup)findViewById(ID_ANDROID_CONTENT);  
           if (contentParent == null) {  
               throw new RuntimeException("Window couldn't find content container view");  
           }  
           return contentParent;  
       }  
      
       //顶层view是一个framelayout  
    private final class DecorView extends FrameLayout implements RootViewSurfaceTaker {  
             public DecorView(Context context, int featureId) {  
                super(context);  
                mFeatureId = featureId;  
           }  
    }  
      
      
      
    //下面说明findVIewById  
      
    //首先是获取顶层view,即继承自FrameLayout的viewgorup  
    @Override  
       public final View getDecorView() {  
           if (mDecor == null) {  
               installDecor();  
           }  
           return mDecor;  
       }  
      
    //然后mDecor.findViewById根据id获取它的子view  
    //这里就是通过第三种方法获取它的子view 

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