Hibernate one to one映射关系

在数据库中，表和表之间的关系有：一对一，一对多和多对多。

通过Hibernate，我们可以把实体对象直接映射到数据库中，完成建表。

今天我要总结的是在Hibernate 中实现一对一映射关系，其中一对一分为外键关联和主键关联。

一、外键关联

1.先创建 2个实体类

public class Student {
    private Integer id;
    private String stuname;
    private int password;
    private Date birthday;
    private Phone phone;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String stuname, int password, Date birthday) {
        this.stuname = stuname;
        this.password = password;
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    public Phone getPhone() {
        return phone;
    }

    public void setPhone(Phone phone) {
        this.phone = phone;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getStuname() {
        return stuname;
    }

    public void setStuname(String stuname) {
        this.stuname = stuname;
    }

    public int getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(int password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student [id=" + id + ", stuName=" + stuname + ", password=" + password + ", birthday=" + birthday + "]";
    }

}

public class Phone {
    private Integer id;
    private String telephone;
    private String homephone;

    private Student stu;

    public Student getStu() {
        return stu;
    }

    public void setStu(Student stu) {
        this.stu = stu;
    }

    public Phone() {

    }

    public Phone(String telephone, String homephone) {
        super();
        this.telephone = telephone;
        this.homephone = homephone;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getTelephone() {
        return telephone;
    }

    public void setTelephone(String telephone) {
        this.telephone = telephone;
    }

    public String getHomephone() {
        return homephone;
    }

    public void setHomephone(String homephone) {
        this.homephone = homephone;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Phone [id=" + id + ", telephone=" + telephone + ", homephone=" + homephone + "]";
    }


}

我们要做的就是让student和phone表形成一对一的关系。

2.hibernate.cfg.xml文件配置
cfg文件用来配置连接数据库相关属性

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
<!-- 指定方言，更好的操作数据库，因为数据库都有一些区别，通过方言的设置可以对应使用目标数据库的特点支持事务的MySQL5InnoDBDialect用于5.5之后。 -->        
        <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</property>

        <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql:///hiber</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.password">root</property>
        <!-- 
            数据库自动创建表操作
            #hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto create-drop 程序启动时创建数据库表，程序退出时删除之前创建的 
            #hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto create      程序启动时删除上一次创建的表，然后再创建新的表结果
            #hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto update      程序启动时如果没有表就创建表，有就检查有没有更新（推荐）
            #hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto validate    程序启动是检查表结构，不会创建
         -->
        <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
        <!-- 显示执行的sql语句 -->
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>   
        <!-- 格式化显示执行的sql语句 -->  
        <property name="hibernate.format_sql">false</property>
        <!-- 引入需要持久化的映射文件配置文件 -->
        <mapping resource="entity/Student.hbm.xml"/>
        <!-- <mapping resource="entity/Phone.hbm.xml"/> -->
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

3.只配置student.hbm.xml映射文件
在这里我把phone和student的映射整合在一起，即把phone的映射配置写在student.hbm.xml中，所以只需要一个xml。（此xml文件放在实体类所在包中）

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping package="entity" >
    <class name="Student" >
        <id name="id" >
            <generator class="native"></generator>
        </id>
        <property name="stuname" ></property>
        <property name="password" ></property>
        <property name="birthday" ></property>

        <!-- 级联操作 student和phone关联-->
        <one-to-one name="phone" cascade="all" />       
    </class>
    <!--配置phone的映射-->
    <class name="Phone" >
        <id name="id" >
            <generator class="native"></generator>
        </id>
        <property name="telephone" ></property>
        <property name="homephone" ></property>
        <!--many代表外键关联-->
        <many-to-one name="stu" column="stu_id" unique="true" not-null="true"></many-to-one>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

4 . 测试类

public class TestHiber {
    SessionFactory factory = null;
    Session session = null;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        Configuration config = new Configuration().configure();
        ServiceRegistry sr = new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(config.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry();
        factory = config.buildSessionFactory(sr);
        session = factory.openSession();        
    }

    @After
    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
        if(session != null){
            if(session.isOpen()){
                session.close();
            }
        }
    }

    /*
     * 新增
     */
    @Test
    public void testsave1() {       
        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();

        Student stu = new Student("zhangsan", 123456, new Date());
        Phone p = new Phone("110", "119");

        stu.setPhone(p);
        p.setStu(stu);

        session.save(stu);
        session.save(p);

        tx.commit();
        }

进入mysql可以看到2张表已经建好，如图：

stu-id是phone的外键，关联student

• -

二、主键关联

只需修改student.hbm.xml配置即可

<hibernate-mapping  >
    <class name="entity.Student" >
        <id name="id" >
            <generator class="native"></generator>
        </id>
        <property name="stuname" ></property>
        <property name="password" ></property>
        <property name="birthday" ></property>

        <!-- 级联操作 -->
        <one-to-one name="phone" cascade="all"></one-to-one>        
    </class>

    <class name="entity.Phone"  >
        <id name="id" >
            <!-- 从表的id不由自己生成，而且必须和主表保持一致 -->
            <generator class="foreign">
                <!-- 指定从表的id来源 ，值为phone中指定的属性名-->
                <param name="property">stu</param>
            </generator>
        </id>
        <property name="telephone" ></property>
        <property name="homephone" ></property>
        <!-- 设置约束管理 -->
        <one-to-one name="stu" constrained="true"></one-to-one>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

进入mysql 效果如图

采用主键关联的方法就没用外键关联的stu-id了。