Oracle限制ip连接设置

在oracle数据库上做ip连接限制,主要一下两种方式:


方式1:修改sqlnet.ora文件

该方式只能限制制定ip,并不能限制ip网段

编辑配置文件 $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/sqlnet.ora,做一下修改


tcp.validnode_checking = yes

#tcp.invited_nodes=() #允许访问的IP列表,各IP之间用逗号分隔

tcp.excluded_nodes=() #限制访问的IP列表,个IP之间用逗号分隔

注意:

•不能同时使用tcp.invited_nodes和tcp.excluded_nodes
•只能指定具体的IP地址,不能指定IP段
•只能限制TCP协议
•需要重启监听生效

1、需求:限制IP 192.168.137.1登录

2、实现方式:

oracle@oracle[/oracle/app/10g]> cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
oracle@oracle[/oracle/app/10g/network/admin]> ls -l
total 16
drwxr-x— 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Dec 30 11:37 samples
-rw-r—– 1 oracle oinstall 172 Dec 26 2003 shrept.lst
-rw-r–r– 1 oracle oinstall 236 Dec 30 13:10 sqlnet.ora
-rw-r–r– 1 oracle oinstall 347 Mar 25 21:22 tnsnames.ora
oracle@oracle[/oracle/app/10g/network/admin]> vi sqlnet.ora

# sqlnet.ora Network Configuration File: /oracle/app/10g/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SQLNET.RECV_TIMEOUT = 0

SQLNET.EXPIRE_TIME = 0

SQLNET.SEND_TIMEOUT = 0

SQLNET.INBOUND_CONNECT_TIMEOUT = 0

tcp.validnode_checking = yes

#tcp.invited_nodes=()

tcp.excluded_nodes=(192.168.137.1)

oracle@oracle[/oracle/app/10g/network/admin]> lsnrctl stop

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 – Production on 15-JUN-2009 12:10:05

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
The command completed successfully
oracle@oracle[/oracle/app/10g/network/admin]> lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 – Production on 15-JUN-2009 12:10:17

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Starting /oracle/app/10g/bin/tnslsnr: please wait…

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 – Production
Log messages written to /oracle/app/10g/network/log/listener.log
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle)(PORT=1521)))

Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
————————
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 – Production
Start Date 15-JUN-2009 12:10:17
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Log File /oracle/app/10g/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary…
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully

在192.168.137.1上登录,显示

ORA-12547:TSN:丢失连接



方式2:使用触发器


可限制制定ip网段


由于sqlnet.ora方式不支持IP段,对于某个IP段的限制,可以使用触发器实现

1、需求:限制IP段 192.168.137登录

2、实现方式:

oracle@oracle[/oracle/app/10g/network/admin]> sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 – Production on Mon Jun 15 12:25:32 2009

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 – Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

sys@ORCL>
sys@ORCL> create or replace trigger chk_ip
2 after logon on scott.schema
3 declare
4 ipaddr VARCHAR2(30);
5 begin
6 select sys_context(‘userenv’, ‘ip_address’) into ipaddr from dual;
7 if ipaddr like (’192.168.137.%’) then
8 raise_application_error(‘-20001′, ‘you can not logon by scott’);
9 end if;
10 end chk_ip;
11 /

Trigger created.

sys@ORCL>

在192.168.137.1上登录,显示:

ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1

ORA-20001: you can not logon by scott

ORA-06512: at line 6


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1)rpm格式包安装配置 1.1 下载以rpm后缀名的包,以11.2.0.4.0 版本为例,其中基础包basic、sql*plus、devel包建议默认下载,其他包视情况而定: oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm --基础包,为了运行OCI、OCCI、JDBC-OCI 这几个应用程序; oracle-instantclient11.2-sqlplus-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm --补充包/文件,是为了运行sql*plus的即时客户端; oracle-instantclient11.2-odbc-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm --补充包/文件,为运行ODBC环境附加库; oracle-instantclient11.2-jdbc-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm --补充JDBC下的XA、国际标准、行集操作; oracle-instantclient11.2-devel-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm --包含头文件和示例文件,为开发Oracle应用程序的即时客户端; 1.2 使用rpm -ivh [包名] 进行安装, 如:rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm 安装的文件默认放在两个位置: 头文件:/usr/include/oracle/11.2/client64/ 下,如果在使用时报错找不到头文件,记得看路径是否是这个。 包文件:/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/ 下,包含{bin、lib}两个文件夹; 1.3 创建文件夹: #mkdir -p /usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/network/admin/ 1.4 创建监听文件,并添加内容 #vim /usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/network/admin/tnsnames.ora ORCL = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = *IP*)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = *SID*) ) ) 1.5 配置环境变量 #vim ~/.bashrc --根目录下为全局使用,为限制用户权限,可只修改某一用户的环境变量 export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64 export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin export NLS_LANG='simplified chinese_china'.ZHS16GBK export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH 1.6 使配置完的环境变量生效 #source ~/.bashrc 1.7 连接数据库测试 #sqlplus /nolog SQL>conn scott/tiger@orcl 2)zip格式包安装配置(只以basic包做为示例) 2.1 下载包:oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.zip 2.2 将包文件解压到指定目录下: #unzip oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.zip 解压后的文件存放路径可以自行设定,但是与后面环境变量设定有关,本文设定/home/orcl/ 下。 头文件目录:/home/orcl/sdk/include/ 库文件目录:/home/orcl/instantclient_11_2/ 2.3 创建 network/admin/ 目录:mkdir -p /home/orcl/instantclient_11_2/network/admin/ 2.4 创建监听文件 tnsnames.ora #vim /home/orcl/instantclient_11_2/network/admin/tnsnames.ora ORCL = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.232.131)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl) ) ) 2.5 配置环境变量 #vim ~/.bashrc export ORACLE_HOME=/home/orcl/instantclient_11_2 export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/adminexport export NLS_LANG='simplified chinese_china'.ZHS16GBKexport export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME:$PATH 2.6 配置完成后,将环境变量生效 #source ~/.bashrc 2.7 测试连接
目录 序 ............................................................................................... 17 前言 ............................................................................................ 20 本书内容.................................................................................... 21 读者对象.................................................................................... 21 本书组织结构............................................................................... 23 源代码和有关更新.......................................................................... 29 勘误表....................................................................................... 29 配置环境....................................................................................... 30 建立SCOTT/TIGER 模式.................................................................. 30 环境.......................................................................................... 32 设置SQL*Plus 的AUTOTRACE ......................................................... 35 配置Statspack............................................................................. 37 定制脚本.................................................................................... 38 SHOW_SPACE ............................................................................. 49 BIG_TABLE ................................................................................. 57 代码约定.................................................................................... 60 第 1章 开发成功的Oracle应用程序...................................................... 61 1.1 我的方法................................................................................ 63 3 / 976 1.2 黑盒方法................................................................................ 65 1.3 开发数据库应用的正确(和不正确)方法.......................................... 70 1.3.1 了解Oracle体系结构............................................................ 70 1.3.2 理解并发控制...................................................................... 78 1.3.3 多版本.............................................................................. 84 1.3.4 数据库独立性? .................................................................... 93 1.3.5 “怎么能让应用运行得更快?”................................................114 1.3.6 DBA与开发人员的关系.........................................................119 1.4 小结....................................................................................121 第 2章体系结构概述........................................................................123 2.1 定义数据库和实例....................................................................125 2.2 SGA和后台进程......................................................................133 2.3 连接Oracle ...........................................................................136 2.3.1 专用服务器.......................................................................137 2.3.2 共享服务器.......................................................................138 2.3.3 TCP/IP连接的基本原理........................................................140 2.4 小结....................................................................................143 第 3章文件..................................................................................144 3.1 参数文件...............................................................................146 4 / 976 3.1.1 什么是参数?.....................................................................147 3.1.2 遗留的init.ora 参数文件........................................................150 3.1.3 服务器参数文件..................................................................152 3.1.4 参数文件小结.....................................................................163 3.2 跟踪文件...............................................................................163 3.2.1 请求的跟踪文件..................................................................165 3.2.2 针对内部错误生成的跟踪文件..................................................170 3.2.3 跟踪文件小结.....................................................................174 3.3 警告文件...............................................................................175 3.4 数据文件...............................................................................179 3.4.1 简要回顾文件系统机制..........................................................180 3.4.2 Oracle数据库中的存储层次体系..............................................181 3.4.3 字典管理和本地管理的表空间..................................................186 3.5 临时文件...............................................................................188 3.6 控制文件...............................................................................192 3.7 重做日志文件..........................................................................192 3.7.1 在线重做日志.....................................................................193 3.7.2 归档重做日志.....................................................................196 3.8 密码文件...............................................................................198 5 / 976 3.9 修改跟踪文件..........................................................................203 3.10 闪回日志文件........................................................................205 3.10.1 闪回数据库......................................................................205 3.10.2 闪回恢复区......................................................................206 3.11 DMP文件(EXP/IMP文件) .....................................................207 3.12 数据泵文件...........................................................................210 3.13 平面文件.............................................................................214 3.14 小结...................................................................................215 第 4章内存结构............................................................................215 4.1 进程全局区和用户全局区............................................................216 4.1.1 手动PGA内存管理..............................................................217 4.1.2 自动PGA内存管理..............................................................227 4.1.3 手动和自动内存管理的选择....................................................244 4.1.4 PGA和UGA小结...............................................................246 4.2 系统全局区............................................................................246 4.2.1 固定SGA .........................................................................254 4.2.2 重做缓冲区.......................................................................254 4.2.3 块缓冲区缓存.....................................................................256 4.2.4 共享池.............................................................................266 6 / 976 4.2.5 大池...............................................................................269 4.2.6 Java池............................................................................271 4.2.7 流池...............................................................................272 4.2.8 自动SGA内存管理..............................................................272 4.3 小结....................................................................................274 第 5章Oracle进程.........................................................................275 5.1 服务器进程............................................................................276 5.1.1 专用服务器连接..................................................................277 5.1.2 共享服务器连接..................................................................279 5.1.3 连接与会话.......................................................................280 5.1.4 专用服务器与共享服务器.......................................................289 5.1.5 专用/共享服务器小结...........................................................293 5.2 后台进程...............................................................................294 5.2.1 中心后台进程.....................................................................295 5.2.2 工具后台进程.....................................................................234 5.3 从属进程...............................................................................236 5.3.1 I/O从属进程.....................................................................236 5.3.2 并行查询从属进程...............................................................237 5.4 小结....................................................................................237 7 / 976 第 6章 锁.....................................................................................238 6.1 什么是锁?............................................................................238 6.2 锁定问题...............................................................................240 6.2.1 丢失更新..........................................................................240 6.2.2 悲观锁定..........................................................................241 6.2.3 乐观锁定..........................................................................243 6.2.4 乐观锁定还是悲观锁定?.......................................................256 6.2.5 阻塞...............................................................................257 6.2.6 死锁...............................................................................260 6.2.7 锁升级.............................................................................266 6.3 锁类型..................................................................................266 6.3.1 DML锁...........................................................................267 6.3.2 DDL锁............................................................................276 6.3.3 闩..................................................................................280 6.3.4 手动锁定和用户定义锁..........................................................290 6.4 小结....................................................................................291 第 7章 并发与多版本.......................................................................292 7.1 什么是并发控制?....................................................................292 7.2 事务隔离级别..........................................................................293 8 / 976 7.2.1 READ UNCOMMITTED........................................................294 7.2.2 READ COMMITTED............................................................296 7.2.3 REPEATABLE READ ............................................................297 7.2.4 SEAIALIZABLE...................................................................299 7.2.5 READ ONLY .....................................................................302 7.3 多版本读一致性的含义...............................................................302 7.3.1 一种会失败的常用数据仓库技术...............................................303 7.3.2 解释热表上超出期望的I/O .....................................................304 7.4 写一致性...............................................................................307 7.4.1 一致读和当前读..................................................................307 7.4.2 查看重启动.......................................................................311 7.4.3 为什么重启动对我们很重要?..................................................314 7.5 小结....................................................................................315 第 8章 事务..................................................................................317 8.1 事务控制语句..........................................................................317 8.2 原子性..................................................................................318 8.2.1 语句级原子性.....................................................................318 8.2.2 过程级原子性.....................................................................321 8.2.3 事务级原子性.....................................................................325 9 / 976 8.3 完整性约束和事务....................................................................325 8.3.1 IMMEDIATE 约束...............................................................325 8.3.2 DEFERRABLE 约束和级联更新.................................................326 8.4 不好的事务习惯.......................................................................329 8.4.1 在循环中提交.....................................................................329 8.4.2 使用自动提交.....................................................................337 8.5 分布式事务............................................................................338 8.6 自治事务...............................................................................340 8.6.1 自治事务如果工作? ............................................................340 8.6.2 何时使用自治事务? ............................................................343 8.7 小结....................................................................................348 第 9章 redo与undo ......................................................................349 9.1 什么是redo? ........................................................................349 9.2 什么是undo? .......................................................................350 9.2.1 redo和undo如何协作?......................................................353 9.3 提交和回滚处理.......................................................................357 9.3.1 COMMIT 做什么?..............................................................357 9.3.2 ROLLBACK做什么? ...........................................................365 9.4 分析redo..............................................................................366 10 / 976 9.4.1 测量redo.........................................................................367 9.4.2 redo生成和BEFORE/AFTER触发器.........................................369 9.4.3 我能关掉重做日志生成吗? ....................................................378 9.4.4 为什么不能分配一个新日志?..................................................383 9.4.5 块清除.............................................................................384 9.4.6 日志竞争..........................................................................388 9.4.7 临时表和redo/undo ...........................................................390 9.5 分析undo.............................................................................394 9.5.1 什么操作会生成最多和最少的undo?........................................394 9.5.2 ORA-01555:snapshot too old 错误.........................................397 9.6 小结....................................................................................409 第 10 章 数据库表...........................................................................411 10.1 表类型................................................................................411 10.2 术语...................................................................................412 10.2.1 段................................................................................413 10.2.2 段空间管理......................................................................414 10.2.3 高水位线........................................................................415 10.2.4 freelists .........................................................................417 10.2.5 PCTFREE 和PCTUSED........................................................421 11 / 976 10.2.6 LOGGING和NOLOGGING .................................................423 10.2.7 INITRANS 和MAXTRANS ...................................................424 10.3 堆组织表.............................................................................424 10.4 索引组织表...........................................................................427 10.5 索引聚簇表...........................................................................445 10.6 散列聚簇表...........................................................................455 10.7 有序散列聚簇表.....................................................................465 10.8 嵌套表................................................................................469 10.8.1 嵌套表语法......................................................................469 10.8.2 嵌套表存储......................................................................478 10.8.3 嵌套表小结......................................................................482 10.9 临时表................................................................................483 10.10对象表..............................................................................491 10.11小结.................................................................................500 第 11 章 索引................................................................................502 11.1 Oracle索引概述....................................................................502 11.2 B*树索引.............................................................................503 11.2.1 索引键压缩......................................................................506 11.2.2 反向键索引......................................................................509 12 / 976 11.2.3 降序索引........................................................................517 11.2.4 什么情况下应该使用B*树索引?.............................................519 11.2.5 B*树小结........................................................................532 11.3 位图索引.............................................................................532 11.3.1 什么情况下应该使用位图索引? .............................................533 11.3.2 位图联结索引...................................................................538 11.3.3 位图索引小结...................................................................541 11.4 基于函数的索引.....................................................................542 11.4.1 重要的实现细节................................................................542 11.4.2 一个简单的基于函数的索引例子.............................................543 11.4.3 只对部分行建立索引...........................................................554 11.4.4 实现有选择的惟一性...........................................................556 11.4.5 关于CASE 的警告..............................................................557 11.4.6 关于ORA-01743的警告.....................................................559 11.4.7 基于函数的索引小结...........................................................560 11.5 应用域索引...........................................................................560 11.6 关于索引的常见问题和神话........................................................562 11.6.1 视图能使用索引吗?...........................................................562 11.6.2 Null和索引能协作吗?........................................................562 13 / 976 11.6.3 外键是否应该加索引? ........................................................566 11.6.4 为什么没有使用我的索引?...................................................567 11.6.5 神话:索引中从不重用空间...................................................576 11.6.6 神话:最有差别的元素应该在最前面........................................581 11.7 小结...................................................................................585 第 12 章 数据类型...........................................................................587 12.1 Oracle数据类型概述...............................................................587 12.2 字符和二进制串类型................................................................589 12.2.1 NLS 概述........................................................................589 12.2.2 字符串...........................................................................593 12.3 二进制串:RAW类型..............................................................601 12.4 数值类型.............................................................................604 12.4.1 NUMBER类型的语法和用法.................................................607 12.4.2 BINARY_FLOAT/BINARY_DOUBLE 类型的语法和用法..................612 12.4.3 非固有数据类型................................................................612 12.4.4 性能考虑........................................................................613 12.5 LONG 类型..........................................................................615 12.5.1LONG和LONG RAW 类型的限制...........................................615 12.5.2 处理遗留的LONG类型.......................................................616 14 / 976 12.6 DATE、TIMESTAMP和INTERVAL类型........................................625 12.6.1 格式..............................................................................625 12.6.2 DATE 类型......................................................................626 12.6.3 TIMESTAMP类型.............................................................637 12.6.4 INTERVAL类型................................................................647 12.7 LOB 类型.............................................................................651 12.7.1 内部LOB........................................................................652 12.7.2 BFILE ............................................................................666 12.8 ROWID/UROWID 类型............................................................666 12.9 小结...................................................................................666 第 13 章 分区................................................................................666 13.1 分区概述.............................................................................666 13.1.1 提高可用性......................................................................666 13.1.2 减少管理负担...................................................................666 13.1.3 改善语句性能...................................................................666 13.2 表分区机制...........................................................................666 13.2.1 区间分区........................................................................666 13.2.2 散列分区........................................................................666 13.2.3 列表分区........................................................................666 15 / 976 13.2.4 组合分区........................................................................666 13.2.5 行移动...........................................................................666 13.2.6 表分区机制小结................................................................666 13.3 索引分区.............................................................................666 13.3.1 局部索引........................................................................666 13.3.2 全局索引........................................................................666 13.4 再论分区和性能.....................................................................666 13.5 审计和段空间压缩...................................................................666 13.6 小结...................................................................................666 第 14 章 并行执行...........................................................................666 14.1 何时使用并行执行...................................................................666 14.2 并行查询.............................................................................666 14.3 并行DML............................................................................666 14.4 并行DDL.............................................................................666 14.4.1 并行DDL和使用外部表的数据加载.........................................666 14.4.2 并行DDL和区段截断.........................................................666 14.5 并行恢复.............................................................................666 14.6 过程并行化...........................................................................666 14.6.1 并行管道函数...................................................................666 16 / 976 14.6.2 DIY 并行化......................................................................666 14.7 小结...................................................................................666 第 15 章 数据加载和卸载...................................................................666 15.1 SQL*Loader.........................................................................666 15.1.1 用SQLLDR加载数据的FAQ .................................................666 15.1.2 SQLLDR 警告...................................................................666 15.1.3 SQLLDR小结...................................................................666 15.2 外部表................................................................................666 15.2.1 建立外部表......................................................................666 15.2.2 处理错...........................................................................666 15.2.3 使用外部表加载不同的文件...................................................666 15.2.4 多用户问题......................................................................666 15.2.5 外部表小结......................................................................666 15.3 平面文件卸载........................................................................666 15.4 数据泵卸载...........................................................................666 15.5 小结...................................................................................666
软件环境的一般要求 RHEL 5.x系统、RHEL 6.x系统 图形桌面环境 + 开发工具 + 中文Java支持 —— 在RHEL 6.x中安装时,ksh需改用5.x的软件包 准备工作: yum install yum* yum groupinstall “X 窗口系统” “桌面” “桌面平台” “中文支持” “开发工具” [root@dbserver ~]# yum -y install java-* [root@dbserver ~]# cd /usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.6.0/lib [root@dbserver lib]# mv fontconfig.bfc fontconfig.bfc.origin [root@dbserver lib]# cp fontconfig.RedHat.6.bfc fontconfig.bfc [root@dbserver ~]# rpm -e ksh 因为默认没有装 [root@dbserver ~]# rpm -ivh .../ksh-5.2.14-36.el5.i386.rpm 用户环境要求 创建组账号oinstall、dba,用户账号oracle 创建Oracle基本目录 为用户oracle设置环境变量,并允许使用X终端 [root@dbserver ~]# groupadd oinstall //安装组 [root@dbserver ~]# groupadd dba //管理组 [root@dbserver ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle [root@dbserver ~]# passwd oracle   [root@dbserver ~]# mkdir /opt/oracle [root@dbserver ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle/ [root@dbserver ~]# chmod -R 775 /opt/oracle/ [root@dbserver ~]# vi /home/oralce/.bash_profile …… umask 022 export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle export ORACLE_SID=orcl export DISPLAY=:0.0 export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2 [root@dbserver ~]# xhost + //须在图形环境执行 access control disabled, clients can connect from any host 内核及会话要求 修改内存调度参数、端口范围、I/O请求…… 增大用户oracle的进程数、文件数限制 [root@dbserver ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf …… fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 限制并发未完成的请求,应该设置避免I/O子系统故障 fs.file-max = 6815744 文件句柄设置代表linux系统中可以打开的文件的数量。 kernel.shmmni = 4096 共享内存的总页数 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048586 [root@dbserver ~]# sysctl –p kernel.sem: 以kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128为例:        250是参数semmsl的值,表示一个信号量集合中能够包含的信号量最大数目。        32000是参数semmns的值,表示系统内可允许的信号量最大数目。        100是参数semopm的值,表示单个semopm()调用在一个信号量集合上可以执行的操作数量。        128是参数semmni的值,表示系统信号量集合总数 net.core.rmem_default: 表示套接字接收缓冲区大小的缺省值。 net.core.rmem_max: 表示套接字接收缓冲区大小的最大值。 net.core.wmem_default: 表示套接字发送缓冲区大小的缺省值。 net.core.wmem_max: 表示套接字发送缓冲区大小的最大值 [root@dbserver ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login …… session required pam_limits.so [root@dbserver ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf …… oracle soft nproc 8192 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 32768 oracle hard nofile 65536 运行runInstaller安装程序 将下载的两个zip包解压到同一位置 进入database目录,由用户oracle执行安装 通过 -jreLoc 参数指定中文Java环境的路径 [root@dbserver ~]# su - oracle [oracle@dbserver ~]$ cd /var/ftp/pub/database/ [oracle@dbserver database]$ ./runInstaller -jreLoc /usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.6.0 正在启动 Oracle Universal Installer... 检查临时空间: 必须大于 80 MB。 实际为 64829 MB 通过 检查交换空间: 必须大于 150 MB。 实际为 2047 MB 通过 检查监视器: 监视器配置至少必须显示 256 种颜色。 实际为 16777216 通过 准备从以下地址启动 Oracle Universal Installer /tmp/OraInstall2011-10-12_08-07-32PM. 请稍候... SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT 典型的安装设置 单实例数据库、企业版、管理口令 基本目录:/opt/oracle/ 软件位置:/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/ 数据库位置:/opt/oracle/oradata/ 产品清单:/opt/oracle/oraInventory/ SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT 验证安装结果 从命令行使用sqlplus工具访问数据库 从浏览器访问 https://dbserver:1158/em/ 用户名sys、管理口令、连接身份SYSDBA [root@dbserver ~]# cd /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/ [root@dbserver bin]# ./sqlplus sys AS SYSDBA …… Enter password: //输入管理密码 Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> SHOW USER; //查看当前用户 USER is "SYS“ SQL> HELP INDEX; //查看指令列表 …… COMPUTE LIST SET XQUERY CONNECT PASSWORD SHOW SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT 优化执行环境 全局配置/etc/profile,添加基目录、执行路径…… 修改/etc/oratab,使orcl实例随数据库软件启动 [root@dbserver ~]# vi /etc/profile …… export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle export ORACLE_SID=orcl export ORACLE_TERM=xterm export PATH=\$PATH:\$ORACLE_HOME/bin [root@dbserver ~]# vi /etc/oratab orcl:/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:Y Oracle的服务组件 监听器lsnrctl:提供数据库访问,默认端口1521 启动器dbstart、dushut:启动、停止数据库实例 控制器emctl:开启、关闭OEM平台,默认端口1158 [oracle@dbserver ~]$ lsnrctl status [oracle@dbserver ~]$ emctl stop dbconsole [oracle@dbserver ~]$ dbshut $ORACLE_HOME [oracle@dbserver ~]$ dbstart $ORACLE_HOME [oracle@dbserver ~]$ emctl stop dbconsole 使用系统服务脚本 编写/etc/init.d/oracle控制脚本 使用chkconfig工具添加为系统服务 使用service工具来启动、停止、重启oracle服务 SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT 逻辑备份与恢复 配置Oracle备份目录 创建本地目录(如 /opt/mydbbackup),并调整属性 在SQL>环境中指定备份位置,并授权备份用户 [root@dbserver ~]# mkdir /opt/mydbbackup [root@dbserver ~]# chown oracle:oinstall /opt/mydbbackup/ [root@dbserver ~]# sqlplus sys AS SYSDBA Enter password: SQL> CREATE DIRECTORY dmpdir AS '/opt/mydbbackup'; Directory created. SQL> GRANT read,write ON DIRECTORY dmpdir TO sysman; Grant succeeded. SQL> GRANT all ON DIRECTORY dmpdir TO system; Grant succeeded. 逻辑备份与恢复 执行逻辑备份 使用expdp工具导出数据库 [root@dbserver ~]# expdp lisi/123456 DIRECTORY=dmpdir DUMPFILE=lisi-20111014.dmp #导出用户lisi的数据库 ……. [root@dbserver ~]# expdp system/123456 DIRECTORY=dmpdir DUMPFILE=orcl-full-20111014.dmp FULL=Y #导出整个数据库 …… 执行逻辑恢复 使用impdp工具导入数据库 [root@dbserver ~]# impdp lisi/123456 DIRECTORY=dmpdir DUMPFILE=lisi-20111014.dmp REUSE_DATAFILES=Y TABLE_EXISTS_ACTION=REPLACE #恢复用户lisi的数据库 [root@dbserver ~]# impdp system/123456 DIRECTORY=dmpdir DUMPFILE=orcl-full-20111014.dmp REUSE_DATAFILES=Y TABLE_EXISTS_ACTION=REPLACE FULL=Y #恢复整个数据库 注意: 
glibc-32bit-8.1-9 
glibc-devel-32bit-8.1-9
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-47.3.x86_64.rpm 
libaio-0.3.105-2.x86_64.rpm
1)rpm格式包安装配置 1.1 下载以rpm后缀名的包,以11.2.0.4.0 版本为例,其中基础包basic、sql*plus、devel包建议默认下载,其他包视情况而定: oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm --基础包,为了运行OCI、OCCI、JDBC-OCI 这几个应用程序; oracle-instantclient11.2-sqlplus-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm --补充包/文件,是为了运行sql*plus的即时客户端; oracle-instantclient11.2-odbc-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm --补充包/文件,为运行ODBC环境附加库; oracle-instantclient11.2-jdbc-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm --补充JDBC下的XA、国际标准、行集操作; oracle-instantclient11.2-devel-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm --包含头文件和示例文件,为开发Oracle应用程序的即时客户端; 1.2 使用rpm -ivh [包名] 进行安装, 如:rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm 安装的文件默认放在两个位置: 头文件:/usr/include/oracle/11.2/client64/ 下,如果在使用时报错找不到头文件,记得看路径是否是这个。 包文件:/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/ 下,包含{bin、lib}两个文件夹; 1.3 创建文件夹: #mkdir -p /usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/network/admin/ 1.4 创建监听文件,并添加内容 #vim /usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/network/admin/tnsnames.ora ORCL = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = *IP*)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = *SID*) ) ) 1.5 配置环境变量 #vim ~/.bashrc --根目录下为全局使用,为限制用户权限,可只修改某一用户的环境变量 export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64 export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin export NLS_LANG='simplified chinese_china'.ZHS16GBK export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH 1.6 使配置完的环境变量生效 #source ~/.bashrc 1.7 连接数据库测试 #sqlplus /nolog SQL>conn scott/tiger@orcl 2)zip格式包安装配置(只以basic包做为示例) 2.1 下载包:oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.zip 2.2 将包文件解压到指定目录下: #unzip oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.zip 解压后的文件存放路径可以自行设定,但是与后面环境变量设定有关,本文设定/home/orcl/ 下。 头文件目录:/home/orcl/sdk/include/ 库文件目录:/home/orcl/instantclient_11_2/ 2.3 创建 network/admin/ 目录:mkdir -p /home/orcl/instantclient_11_2/network/admin/ 2.4 创建监听文件 tnsnames.ora #vim /home/orcl/instantclient_11_2/network/admin/tnsnames.ora ORCL = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.232.131)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl) ) ) 2.5 配置环境变量 #vim ~/.bashrc export ORACLE_HOME=/home/orcl/instantclient_11_2 export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/adminexport export NLS_LANG='simplified chinese_china'.ZHS16GBKexport export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME:$PATH 2.6 配置完成后,将环境变量生效 #source ~/.bashrc 2.7 测试连接

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