PostgreSQL查询表主键及注释内容

网上关于pgSql获取表主键的内容都是千篇一律,并且对于存在多主键的场景不支持。

附上测试后可获取多个主键字段值的SQL

SELECT
   string_agg(DISTINCT t3.attname,',')  AS primaryKeyColumn
  ,t4.tablename AS tableName
  , string_agg(cast(obj_description(relfilenode,'pg_class') as varchar),'') as comment
FROM
  pg_constraint t1
  INNER JOIN pg_class t2 ON t1.conrelid = t2.oid
  INNER JOIN pg_attribute t3 ON t3.attrelid = t2.oid AND array_position(t1.conkey,t3.attnum) is not null
  INNER JOIN pg_tables t4 on t4.tablename = t2.relname
  INNER JOIN pg_index t5 ON t5.indrelid = t2.oid AND t3.attnum = ANY (t5.indkey)
  LEFT JOIN pg_description t6 on t6.objoid=t3.attrelid and t6.objsubid=t3.attnum
WHERE  t1.contype = 'p'
       AND length(t3.attname) > 0
      AND  t2.oid = '表名' :: regclass
  group by t4.tablename

目前只找到了获取指定表的主键信息,对于批量获取没有找到。

bug:

对于表主键没有配置的,也会获取到第一个字段作为主键输出,如果有大佬解决了这个问题,望给与解答

### 如何在 PostgreSQL查询表主键PostgreSQL 数据库中,可以通过系统目录 `pg_constraint` 和其他相关视图来询某个表的主键信息。以下是实现这一目标的具体方法。 #### 询单个表的主键 如果需要询特定表的主键列名称及其相关信息,可以使用如下 SQL 语句: ```sql SELECT conname AS constraint_name, string_agg(attname, ', ') AS primary_key_columns FROM pg_attribute a JOIN pg_constraint c ON a.attrelid = c.conrelid AND a.attnum = ANY(c.conkey) WHERE c.contype = 'p' -- 主键约束类型 AND a.attrelid = '表名'::regclass GROUP BY conname; ``` 此询通过连接 `pg_attribute` 表和 `pg_constraint` 表,筛选出指定表中的主键列,并将其以逗号分隔的形式返回[^1]。 --- #### 批量询数据库中所有表的主键 为了批量获取整个数据库中所有表的主键信息,可以扩展上述询逻辑,去掉针对具体表的过滤条件: ```sql SELECT n.nspname AS schema_name, c.relname AS table_name, con.conname AS constraint_name, string_agg(a.attname, ', ') AS primary_key_columns FROM pg_class c JOIN pg_namespace n ON c.relnamespace = n.oid JOIN pg_constraint con ON c.oid = con.conrelid JOIN pg_attribute a ON a.attrelid = c.oid AND a.attnum = ANY(con.conkey) WHERE con.contype = 'p' GROUP BY n.nspname, c.relname, con.conname; ``` 该询会遍历当前数据库下的所有模式 (`schema`) 及其对应的表,提取每张表的主键列并汇总显示[^1]。 --- #### 处理无主键的情况 当某些表未定义主键时,在询过程中可能会遇到异常情况(如错误提示)。为了避免这种情况影响整体询结果,可以在询中加入额外判断逻辑,仅处理那些确实设置了主键的表。例如: ```sql AND EXISTS ( SELECT 1 FROM pg_constraint sub_con WHERE sub_con.conrelid = c.oid AND sub_con.contype = 'p' ); ``` 这一步骤确保只有具有主键的表被纳入最终的结果集中[^2]。 --- #### 获取主键的同时附加注释信息 除了主键外,有时还需要了解这些字段是否有描述性的注释。为此,可以进一步关联 `pg_description` 视图,从而补充每一列的相关说明数据: ```sql LEFT JOIN pg_description d ON d.objoid = c.oid AND d.objsubid = a.attnum ``` 随后将注释内容添加至输出列表中即可完成需求[^1]。 --- ### 示例代码总结 综合以上各部分功能,完整的解决方案可能如下所示: ```sql SELECT n.nspname AS schema_name, c.relname AS table_name, con.conname AS constraint_name, string_agg(a.attname, ', ') AS primary_key_columns, obj_description(c.oid, 'pg_class') AS table_comment FROM pg_class c JOIN pg_namespace n ON c.relnamespace = n.oid JOIN pg_constraint con ON c.oid = con.conrelid JOIN pg_attribute a ON a.attrelid = c.oid AND a.attnum = ANY(con.conkey) LEFT JOIN pg_description d ON d.objoid = c.oid AND d.objsubid = a.attnum WHERE con.contype = 'p' GROUP BY n.nspname, c.relname, con.conname, obj_description(c.oid, 'pg_class'); ``` ---
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