本机在装系统时,分区不合理,给了/
50G,却给/home
了193个G。随着使用时间变长,/
大小越来越吃紧,而/home
却很富有。
将/home
的磁盘块分给/
一点迫在眉睫。
查看以下磁盘使用情况,使用df
命令
[root@localhost tmp]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/rhel-root 50G 45G 5.7G 89% / devtmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev tmpfs 1.8G 520K 1.8G 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 1.8G 9.0M 1.8G 1% /run tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/loop1 3.6G 3.6G 0 100% /var/www/html/fsx6.5 /dev/loop2 3.6G 3.6G 0 100% /var/www/html/fsx7.3 /dev/loop0 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /var/www/html/fsx7 /dev/sdb5 193G 81G 102G 45% /mnt/mount1 /dev/mapper/rhel-home 244G 256M 244G 1% /home /dev/sda1 497M 121M 377M 25% /boot [root@localhost tmp]# df -h /home/ //df命令查看到/home分配了244G,但是使用率只有百分之一 Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/rhel-home 244G 256M 244G 1% /home
备份:首先备份/home
里的文件,cp
命令复制/home
所有文件到其他目录中(不属于/home
的目录)
[root@localhost /]# cp -r /home /mnt/mount1/ [root@localhost /]# vgdisplay //vgdisplay查看卷组可用空间 --- Volume group --- VG Name rhel System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 4 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 3 Open LV 3 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 297.60 GiB //总共297G的磁盘空间 PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 76185 Alloc PE / Size 76185 / 297.60 GiB Free PE / Size 0 / 0 //没有剩余,全部做成了文件系统 VG UUID geiQF0-3nIG-IpiA-d1v9-VYJE-PGLa-Y32d0W [root@localhost /]# lvdisplay //lvdisplay查看逻辑卷情况,这里由三个逻辑卷:swap、root、home --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/rhel/swap //swap分区 LV Name swap VG Name rhel LV UUID SVwpcx-Supf-UJWB-o5QR-3Z7Z-ur1B-0NGNoZ LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2017-11-11 14:33:15 +0800 LV Status available # open 2 LV Size 3.89 GiB Current LE 996 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:1 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/rhel/home //home分区 LV Name home VG Name rhel LV UUID 6MzHO0-3Szm-Sb1I-JaO2-JieC-ywdZ-qmLr3g LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2017-11-11 14:33:16 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 243.71 GiB Current LE 62389 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:2 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/rhel/root //root分区 LV Name root VG Name rhel LV UUID 2Zm5cp-WJfE-po9D-vSzW-CZ7I-kugs-k3oOnq LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2017-11-11 14:33:18 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 50.00 GiB Current LE 12800 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:0
解挂载:备份完成后,先解挂载/home
,使用umonut
命令
[root@localhost /]# umount /home/ [root@localhost /]# df -h //此时用df命令查看,只有/分区,已经不见/home分区了 Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/rhel-root 50G 45G 5.7G 89% / devtmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev tmpfs 1.8G 524K 1.8G 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 1.8G 9.0M 1.8G 1% /run tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/loop1 3.6G 3.6G 0 100% /var/www/html/fsx6.5 /dev/loop2 3.6G 3.6G 0 100% /var/www/html/fsx7.3 /dev/loop0 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /var/www/html/fsx7 /dev/sdb5 193G 81G 102G 45% /mnt/mount1 /dev/sda1 497M 121M 377M 25% /boot
删除逻辑卷:解挂载完成后,要删除home的逻辑卷
[root@localhost /]# lvremove /dev/rhel/home Do you really want to remove active logical volume home? [y/n]: y Logical volume "home" successfully removed [root@localhost /]# vgdisplay //删除home逻辑卷之后,可以使用vgdisplay查看卷组使用情况
创建逻辑卷:此时,完全删除了home
逻辑卷,要给home
创建一个小的新的逻辑卷,使用lvcreate
命令
[root@localhost /]# lvcreate -L 50G -n home rhel WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/rhel/home at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n] y Wiping xfs signature on /dev/rhel/home. Logical volume "home" created [root@localhost /]# lvdisplay //创建完成后,使用lvdisplay和vgdisplay查看逻辑卷和逻辑组使用情况 [root@localhost /]# vgdisplay
激活逻辑卷:创建好新的home
的逻辑卷,可以激活rhel逻辑组,使得新建的home
逻辑卷生效
[root@localhost /]# vgchange rhel -ay rhel 3 logical volume(s) in volume group "rhel" now active
格式化并挂载:给新建的home
逻辑卷建立新的文件系统,并且挂载到/home
[root@localhost /]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/rhel/home //创建ext4格式的文件系统 mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 3276800 inodes, 13107200 blocks 655360 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=2162163712 400 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done [root@localhost /]# mount /dev/rhel/home /home/ //挂载到/home [root@localhost /]# df -h //df查看磁盘文件系统挂载情况,发现/home已经变成50G Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/rhel-root 50G 45G 5.7G 89% / devtmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev tmpfs 1.8G 524K 1.8G 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 1.8G 9.0M 1.8G 1% /run tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/loop1 3.6G 3.6G 0 100% /var/www/html/fsx6.5 /dev/loop2 3.6G 3.6G 0 100% /var/www/html/fsx7.3 /dev/loop0 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /var/www/html/fsx7 /dev/sdb5 193G 81G 102G 45% /mnt/mount1 /dev/sda1 497M 121M 377M 25% /boot /dev/mapper/rhel-home 50G 53M 47G 1% /home [root@localhost /]# cp -r /mnt/mount1/home / //将备份的文件重新复制到/home
查看逻辑卷和逻辑卷组:查看以下逻辑卷和逻辑卷组,发现Free PE / Size 49589 / 193.71 GiB
已经有了新的剩余的磁盘空间
[root@localhost /]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name rhel System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 6 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 3 Open LV 3 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 297.60 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 76185 Alloc PE / Size 26596 / 103.89 GiB Free PE / Size 49589 / 193.71 GiB VG UUID geiQF0-3nIG-IpiA-d1v9-VYJE-PGLa-Y32d0W
逻辑卷扩展:再下来,把释放出来多余的空间分配给root
卷(即挂载到 / 的逻辑卷),使用lvextend
命令
[root@localhost /]# lvextend -L +193G /dev/rhel/root Extending logical volume root to 243.00 GiB Logical volume root successfully resized [root@localhost /]# lvdisplay
查看磁盘和文件系统信息
[root@localhost /]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/rhel-root 50G 45G 5.5G 90% / devtmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev tmpfs 1.8G 524K 1.8G 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 1.8G 9.0M 1.8G 1% /run tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/loop1 3.6G 3.6G 0 100% /var/www/html/fsx6.5 /dev/loop2 3.6G 3.6G 0 100% /var/www/html/fsx7.3 /dev/loop0 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /var/www/html/fsx7 /dev/sdb5 193G 81G 102G 45% /mnt/mount1 /dev/sda1 497M 121M 377M 25% /boot /dev/mapper/rhel-home 50G 279M 47G 1% /home [root@localhost /]# vgchange -ay rhel //激活rhel卷组 3 logical volume(s) in volume group "rhel" now active
扩展文件系统:完成后,使用df
命令发现/
并没有被扩展,是因为要使用xfs_growfs
扩展文件系统
[root@localhost /]# xfs_growfs /dev/rhel/root meta-data=/dev/mapper/rhel-root isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=3276800 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=0 data = bsize=4096 blocks=13107200, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0 log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=6400, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 data blocks changed from 13107200 to 63700992 [root@localhost /]# df -h //再次使用df命令查看,/目录下已经扩展到243G Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/rhel-root 243G 45G 199G 19% / devtmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev tmpfs 1.8G 528K 1.8G 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 1.8G 9.0M 1.8G 1% /run tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/loop1 3.6G 3.6G 0 100% /var/www/html/fsx6.5 /dev/loop2 3.6G 3.6G 0 100% /var/www/html/fsx7.3 /dev/loop0 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /var/www/html/fsx7 /dev/sdb5 193G 81G 102G 45% /mnt/mount1 /dev/sda1 497M 121M 377M 25% /boot /dev/mapper/rhel-home 50G 279M 47G 1% /home
搞定!!!
总结
整个过程使用到的命令:
mkdir/mv/cp:创建目录/移动目录或文件/复制目录或文件
mount/umount:挂载/解挂载
lvremove:删除逻辑卷
lvcreate:创建逻辑卷
vgchange:激活卷组
rhel
mkfs.ext4:格式化文件系统为
ext4
格式lvextend:扩展逻辑卷
xfs_growfs:扩展文件系统
查看属性的命令:
df:查看磁盘信息
lvdisplay:查看逻辑卷
vgdisplay:查看逻辑组
真机上搞,数据都很重要,每一步都小心翼翼的,一定要备份好数据!!!