Table 1
Classification, properties and CNS entry routes of viruses that can cause nervous system infections.
Genome | Virus Family | N/E | Specifics | Viruses | CNS Entry |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
dsDNA | Adenoviridae | N | MAV-1 | BBB; BMVECs | |
Herpesviridae | E | Alphaherpesvirus | HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, PRV, BHV | sensory nerve endings, ORN | |
Betaherpesvirus | HCMV | BBB; BMVECs | |||
Gammaherpesvirus | EBV | BBB; BMVECs | |||
Polyomaviridae | N | JCV | BBB; BMVECs | ||
dsRNA | Reoviridae | N | mouse model | T3[1] | BBB, peripheral nerve? |
(+)ssRNA | Coronaviridae | E | mouse model | MHV[2] | peripheral nerve, ORN |
Flaviviridae | E | Hepacivirus | HCV* | BBB, BMVECs | |
zoonotic | WNV*, JEV* | peripheral nerve, BBB, ORN, BMVECs | |||
Picornaviridae | N | Enterovirus | Poliovirus*, EV71* | NMJs, BBB | |
mouse model | TMEV[3] | BBB | |||
Togaviridae | E | zoonotic | CHIKV* | ORN? | |
mouse model | SINV[4] | ORN | |||
(−)ssRNA | Arenaviridae | E | zoonotic | LCMV | BBB |
Bornaviridae | E | zoonotic | BDV | ORN | |
Bunyaviridae | E | zoonotic | LACV | ORN, BBB? | |
Orthomyxoviridae | E | zoonotic | Influenza A* | peripheral nerve, ORN | |
Paramyxoviridae | E | Morbilivirus | MV | BBB | |
Rubulavirus | MuV | BBB | |||
Henipavirus (zoonotic) | HeV*, Nipah* | BBB, ORN? | |||
Rhabdoviridae | E | zoonotic | RabV, VSV | NMJs, ORN | |
ssRNA-RT | Retroviridae | E | Lentivirus | HIV*, HTLV | BBB |