还是使用上篇文章的demo,为了放大问题,找到共性,采用逐渐扩大测试次数、每次测试多次取平均值的方式,针对同一个方法分别就直接调用该方法、反射调用该方法、直接调用该方法对应的实例、反射调用该方法对应的实例分别从1-1000000,每隔一个数量级测试一次:
测试代码如下(Person、ICompany、ProgramMonkey这三个类已在之前的文章中贴出):
public class ReflectionPerformanceActivity extends Activity{
private TextView mExecuteResultTxtView = null;
private EditText mExecuteCountEditTxt = null;
private Executor mPerformanceExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
private static final int AVERAGE_COUNT = 10;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_reflection_performance_layout);
mExecuteResultTxtView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.executeResultTxtId);
mExecuteCountEditTxt = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.executeCountEditTxtId);
}
public void onClick(View v){
switch(v.getId()){
case R.id.executeBtnId:{
execute();
}
break;
default:{
}
break;
}
}
private void execute(){
mExecuteResultTxtView.setText("");
mPerformanceExecutor.execute(new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run(){
long costTime = 0;
int executeCount = Integer.parseInt(mExecuteCountEditTxt.getText().toString());
long reflectMethodCostTime=0,normalMethodCostTime=0,reflectFieldCostTime=0,normalFieldCostTime=0;
updateResultTextView(executeCount + "毫秒耗时情况测试");
for(int index = 0; index < AVERAGE_COUNT; index++){
updateResultTextView("第 " + (index+1) + " 次");
costTime = getNormalCallCostTime(executeCount);
reflectMethodCostTime += costTime;
updateResultTextView("执行直接调用方法耗时:" + costTime + " 毫秒");
costTime = getReflectCallMethodCostTime(executeCount);
normalMethodCostTime += costTime;
updateResultTextView("执行反射调用方法耗时:" + costTime + " 毫秒");
costTime = getNormalFieldCostTime(executeCount);
reflectFieldCostTime += costTime;
updateResultTextView("执行普通调用实例耗时:" + costTime + " 毫秒");
costTime = getReflectCallFieldCostTime(executeCount);
normalFieldCostTime += costTime;
updateResultTextView("执行反射调用实例耗时:" + costTime + " 毫秒");
}
updateResultTextView("执行直接调用方法平均耗时:" + reflectMethodCostTime/AVERAGE_COUNT + " 毫秒");
updateResultTextView("执行反射调用方法平均耗时:" + normalMethodCostTime/AVERAGE_COUNT + " 毫秒");
updateResultTextView("执行普通调用实例平均耗时:" + reflectFieldCostTime/AVERAGE_COUNT + " 毫秒");
updateResultTextView("执行反射调用实例平均耗时:" + normalFieldCostTime/AVERAGE_COUNT + " 毫秒");
}
});
}
private long getReflectCallMethodCostTime(int count){
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for(int index = 0 ; index < count; index++){
ProgramMonkey programMonkey = new ProgramMonkey("小明", "男", 12);
try{
Method setmLanguageMethod = programMonkey.getClass().getMethod("setmLanguage", String.class);
setmLanguageMethod.setAccessible(true);
setmLanguageMethod.invoke(programMonkey, "Java");
}catch(IllegalAccessException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(InvocationTargetException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(NoSuchMethodException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return System.currentTimeMillis()-startTime;
}
private long getReflectCallFieldCostTime(int count){
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for(int index = 0 ; index < count; index++){
ProgramMonkey programMonkey = new ProgramMonkey("小明", "男", 12);
try{
Field ageField = programMonkey.getClass().getDeclaredField("mLanguage");
ageField.set(programMonkey, "Java");
}catch(NoSuchFieldException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(IllegalAccessException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return System.currentTimeMillis()-startTime;
}
private long getNormalCallCostTime(int count){
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for(int index = 0 ; index < count; index++){
ProgramMonkey programMonkey = new ProgramMonkey("小明", "男", 12);
programMonkey.setmLanguage("Java");
}
return System.currentTimeMillis()-startTime;
}
private long getNormalFieldCostTime(int count){
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for(int index = 0 ; index < count; index++){
ProgramMonkey programMonkey = new ProgramMonkey("小明", "男", 12);
programMonkey.mLanguage = "Java";
}
return System.currentTimeMillis()-startTime;
}
private void updateResultTextView(final String content){
ReflectionPerformanceActivity.this.runOnUiThread(new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run(){
mExecuteResultTxtView.append(content);
mExecuteResultTxtView.append("\n");
}
});
}
}
测试结果如下:
反射性能测试结果
测试结论:
- 反射的确会导致性能问题;推荐看下《Java反射是什么?》够了。
- 反射导致的性能问题是否严重跟使用的次数有关系,如果控制在100次以内,基本上没什么差别,如果调用次数超过了100次,性能差异会很明显;
- 四种访问方式,直接访问实例的方式效率最高;其次是直接调用方法的方式,耗时约为直接调用实例的1.4倍;接着是通过反射访问实例的方式,耗时约为直接访问实例的3.75倍;最慢的是通过反射访问方法的方式,耗时约为直接访问实例的6.2倍;