JDBC： SQL语句恶心的错误之 字符串拼接少空格 导致SQLSYNTAXEXCEPTION

private Student searchStudent(int searchType) {
        String sql="SELECT flowid,type,idcard,examCard,studentName"
                + ",location,grade"
                + "FROM examstudent "
                + "WHERE ";
        
        Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
//        1.根据输入的searchType确定查询的方式
//        2.根据searchType确定sql语句
        if(searchType==1){
            System.out.print("请输入身份证号：");
            String idCard=scanner.next();
            sql=sql+"idcard=‘"+idCard+"‘";
        }else{
            System.out.print("请输入准考证号：");
            String examCard=scanner.next();
            sql=sql+"examCard=‘"+examCard+"‘";
        }