计时器:
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
new Timer().schedule(new MyTask(), 3000); // 安排一个任务, 3秒之后执行
new Timer().schedule(new MyTask(), new Date(111, 10, 29, 10, 57, 45)); // 指定时间执行
new Timer().schedule(new MyTask(), 3000, 1000); // 3秒后第一次, 每隔1秒再来一次
new Timer().schedule(new MyTask(), new Date(111, 10, 29, 10, 59, 45),1000); // 指定时间执行第一次, 每隔1秒再来一次
while (true) {
System.out.println(new Date());
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
}
}
class MyTask extends TimerTask {
public void run() {
System.out.println("do something");
}
}
使用计时器安排任务,先2秒执行一次,然后4秒执行一次,再2秒执行一次,4秒执行一次,循环……:
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
new Timer().schedule(new Task1(), 2000);
while (true) {
System.out.println(new Date());
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
}
}
class Task1 extends TimerTask {
public void run() {
System.out.println("Task1");
new Timer().schedule(new Task2(), 4000);
}
}
class Task2 extends TimerTask {
public void run() {
System.out.println("Task2");
new Timer().schedule(new Task1(), 2000);
}
}
使用计时器安排任务,周一到周五每天凌晨4点执行:
public class Exercise2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance(); // 日历, 指向当前时间
int hour = c.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY); // 当前小时
if(hour >= 4) // 如果过了4点, 就翻到明天
c.add(Calendar.DATE, 1);
c.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 4); // 设置为4点整
c.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);
c.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
new Timer().schedule(new Task(), c.getTime(), 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24);
}
}
class Task extends TimerTask {
public void run() {
int day = Calendar.getInstance().get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK);
if(day == Calendar.SATURDAY || day == Calendar.SUNDAY)
return;
System.out.println("do something");
}
}
JDK1.4同步的三种方式:
同步代码块
使用synchronized(锁对象){同步代码}形式进行同步,多个线程执行同步代码块时如果使用的锁对象相同,只能有一个线程执行。
同步方法
使用synchronized关键字修饰方法,这时整个方法都是同步的,使用this作为锁对象。
静态同步方法
静态方法也可以使用synchronized关键字修饰,方法内部的代码也是同步的,这时的锁对象是当前类的Class对象。
同步代码块:
public class SyncDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
final Printer p = new Printer();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
while (true)
p.print1();
}
}).start();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
while (true)
p.print2();
}
}).start();
}
}
class Printer {
private Object lock = new Object();
public void print1() {
synchronized (lock) {
System.out.print("清");
System.out.print("华");
System.out.print("大");
System.out.println("学");
}
}
public void print2() {
synchronized (lock) {
System.out.print("北");
System.out.print("京");
System.out.print("大");
System.out.println("学");
}
}
}
同步方法:
class Printer {
public synchronized void print1() {
System.out.print("清");
System.out.print("华");
System.out.print("大");
System.out.println("学");
}
public synchronized void print2() {
System.out.print("北");
System.out.print("京");
System.out.print("大");
System.out.println("学");
}
}
同步方法和同步代码块联合使用实现同步(同步方法使用this当做锁):
class Printer {
public void print1() {
synchronized (this) {
System.out.print("清");
System.out.print("华");
System.out.print("大");
System.out.println("学");
}
}
public synchronized void print2() {
System.out.print("北");
System.out.print("京");
System.out.print("大");
System.out.println("学");
}
}
同步方法和同步代码块联合使用实现同步(静态同步方法使用当前类的Class对象当做锁):
class Printer {
public void print1() {
synchronized (this.getClass()) {
System.out.print("清");
System.out.print("华");
System.out.print("大");
System.out.println("学");
}
}
public static synchronized void print2() {
System.out.print("北");
System.out.print("京");
System.out.print("大");
System.out.println("学");
}
}
循环嵌套同步锁可能导致死锁:
private static Object lock1 = new Object();
private static Object lock2 = new Object();
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
synchronized (lock1) {
System.out.println("锁定lock1");
synchronized (lock2) {
System.out.println("锁定lock2");
}
System.out.println("释放lock2");
}
System.out.println("释放lock1");
}
}).start();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
synchronized (lock2) {
System.out.println("锁定lock2");
synchronized (lock1) {
System.out.println("锁定lock1");
}
System.out.println("释放lock1");
}
System.out.println("释放lock2");
}
}).start();
}