centos7.X yum安装mysql server

一、YUM资源查找

yum下载网址为：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/ 选择对应的操作系统版本，单击后面的Download， 在新的页面中单击最下面的No thanks, just start my download.就可以下载到yum源了。

示例：

1） YUM资源库   

yum localinstall https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm 

2）安装MySQL 5.7 

yum install -y mysql-community-server

3）启动MySQL服务器

systemctl start mysqld.service

设置自启动：

systemctl enable mysqld.service

4）mysql5.7不同于较低版本，MySQL5.7不允许首次安装后使用空密码进行登录！为了加强安全性，系统会随机生成一个密码以供管理员首次登录使用， 这个密码记录在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中，查看密码命令：

cat /var/log/mysqld.log|grep 'A temporary password'

最后一行冒号后面的部分就是初始化默认密码，注意：随机生成的密码第一次登录后必须要修改，否则无法使用SQL操作。

5）修改mysql密码方式：

mysql> set password=password("newpassword"); 
或：
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'newpassword'; 
权限刷新：
mysql> flush privileges;

如果设置的密码比较简单，会报如下错误：

ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

这个错误与mysql的安全策略参数validate_password_policy的值有关。
查看一下msyql密码相关的几个全局参数：

mysql> select @@validate_password_policy;

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';

参数解释：
2）参数解释
validate_password_dictionary_file
插件用于验证密码强度的字典文件路径。

validate_password_length
密码最小长度，参数默认为8，它有最小值的限制，最小值为：validate_password_number_count + validate_password_special_char_count + (2 * validate_password_mixed_case_count)

validate_password_mixed_case_count
密码至少要包含的小写字母个数和大写字母个数。

validate_password_number_count
密码至少要包含的数字个数。

validate_password_policy
密码强度检查等级，0/LOW、1/MEDIUM、2/STRONG。有以下取值：
Policy                 Tests Performed                                                                                                        
0 or LOW               Length                                                                                                                      
1 or MEDIUM         Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters                             
2 or STRONG        Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters; dictionary file      
默认是1，即MEDIUM，所以刚开始设置的密码必须符合长度，且必须含有数字，小写或大写字母，特殊字符。

validate_password_special_char_count
密码至少要包含的特殊字符数。

修改mysql参数配置：

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
 
mysql> set global validate_password_mixed_case_count=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> set global validate_password_number_count=3;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> set global validate_password_special_char_count=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> set global validate_password_length=3;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

参数修改完毕后，再次修改为简单的密码则成功。

6）修改mysql编码格式：

默认编码：
mysql> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
+----------------------+-------------------+
| Variable_name        | Value             |
+----------------------+-------------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci   |
| collation_database   | latin1_swedish_ci |
| collation_server     | latin1_swedish_ci |
+----------------------+-------------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
 
调整操作：
cat /etc/my.cnf
......
[mysqld]
......
character-set-server=utf8                //注意这个不能写成default-character-set=utf8，否则会导致5.7版本mysql无法打开
 
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
 重启mysql
systemctl restart mysqld.service
mysql -p
......
mysql> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
 
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name        | Value           |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database   | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server     | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)