Android 网络通信WebSocket使用详解

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-08 13:31:09 发布

android练习生

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-08 13:31:09 发布

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文章标签： android websocket 网络协议 android studio

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/fusu2178192/article/details/125603554

版权

1.WebSocket 与HTTP区别

（1）HTTP是传统的请求响应式的网络通信方式，不能实现服务端主动向客户端发送消息。WebSocket可以实现服务端，客户端互发消息。

（2）WebSocket使用ws协议，HTTP使用http协议（使用的URL不同）

2.WebSocket 与Socket的异同

●相同点：服务端都能主动发消息给客户端
●不同点：1.socket基于TCP/IP协议，Websocket基于ws协议
2.Websocket只能面向链接

总结：socket更灵活，Websocket更简单

3.WebSocket实现步骤（客户端和服务端都为android程序）

客户端

第一步：权限和依赖

  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

implementation "org.java-websocket:Java-WebSocket:1.5.1"

第二步：本次使用EeventBus实现网络通信工具类与主活动的通信，数据类

package com.example.clientapplication;

public class MessageEvent {

    private String message; //网络数据内容
    private int number;  //网络数据分类

    public MessageEvent(int number, String message) {
        this.message = message;
        this.number = number;
    }

    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }

    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }

    public int getNumber() {
        return number;
    }

    public void setNumber(int number) {
        this.number = number;
    }
}

第三步：WebSocket客户端工具类继承org.java_websocket.client.WebSocketClient

使用EeventBus,将收到的消息传递给主活动。

package com.example.webclienttestapplication;

import android.util.Log;

import org.greenrobot.eventbus.EventBus;
import org.java_websocket.exceptions.WebsocketNotConnectedException;
import org.java_websocket.handshake.ServerHandshake;

import java.net.URI;

public class WebSocketClient extends org.java_websocket.client.WebSocketClient {
    public WebSocketClient(URI serverUri) {
        super(serverUri);
    }

    @Override
    public void onOpen(ServerHandshake handshakedata) {
        //开启连接
        Log.d("WebSocketClient","onOpen"+"成功连接到："+getRemoteSocketAddress());
        EventBus.getDefault().post(new MessageEvent(2,"onOpen："+getRemoteSocketAddress()));
        MainActivity.isClient=true;

    }
    @Override
    public void onMessage(String message) {
        //接受消息
        Log.d("WebSocketClient","onMessage"+message);
        EventBus.getDefault().post(new MessageEvent(1,getRemoteSocketAddress()+"："+message));

    }
    @Override
    public void onClose(int code, String reason, boolean remote) {
        //断开连接
        Log.d("WebSocketClient","onClose");
        EventBus.getDefault().post(new MessageEvent(2,"onClose："+reason));

    }
    @Override
    public void onError(Exception ex) {
        //发生错误
        Log.d("WebSocketClient","onError");
        EventBus.getDefault().post(new MessageEvent(2,"onError："+ex.toString()));

    }
    private static WebSocketClient webSocketClient;
    //发起连接
    public static boolean connect(String ip) {
        if (webSocketClient != null) {
            Release();
        }
        if (webSocketClient == null ) {
            URI uri = URI.create("ws://"+ip+":25211");
            webSocketClient = new WebSocketClient(uri);
        }
        try {
            webSocketClient.connectBlocking();
            return true;
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }
    public static void Release() {
        Close();
        webSocketClient = null;
    }
    public static void Close() {
        if (webSocketClient == null) return;
        if (!webSocketClient.isOpen()) return;
        try {
            webSocketClient.closeBlocking();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    //发送消息
    public static void Send(String string) {
        if (webSocketClient == null) return;
        if (!webSocketClient.isOpen())
            Reconnect();
        try {
            webSocketClient.send(string);
        } catch (WebsocketNotConnectedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public static boolean Reconnect() {
        if (webSocketClient == null) return false;
        if (webSocketClient.isOpen()) return true;
        try {
            webSocketClient.reconnectBlocking();
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }
}

第四步：主活动代码

package com.example.webclienttestapplication;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import org.greenrobot.eventbus.EventBus;
import org.greenrobot.eventbus.Subscribe;
import org.greenrobot.eventbus.ThreadMode;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    public static boolean isClient;
    private int mMessage = 10;
    private StringBuffer mShowBuffer = new StringBuffer();
    private StringBuffer mErrorBuffer = new StringBuffer();
    private TextView mTvShow,mTvError;
    private Button mBtnSend;
    private static final int TV_SHOW = 1; //消息内容
    private static final int TV_ERROR = 2; //异常信息
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initUi();
        EventBus.getDefault().register(this); //EventBus注册
        mBtnSend.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                if (isClient == true)
                    WebSocketClient.Send(mMessage++ + "");  //发送消息
                else Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "连接失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                WebSocketClient.connect("192.168.91.149"); // 发起连接
            }
        }).start();

    }
    @Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.MAIN)
    public void MessageEventBus(MessageEvent messageEvent){

        switch (messageEvent.getNumber()) {
            case TV_SHOW://
                mShowBuffer.append(messageEvent.getMessage());
                mTvShow.setText(mShowBuffer);
                break;
            case TV_ERROR:
                mErrorBuffer.append(messageEvent.getMessage());
                mTvError.setText(mErrorBuffer);
                break;
        }
    }

    private void initUi() {
        mBtnSend = findViewById(R.id.btn_send);
        mTvShow = findViewById(R.id.tv_show);
        mTvError = findViewById(R.id.tv_error);
    }
    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this); //取消注册
    }
}

XML代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_show"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:text="Hello World!"
        android:textSize="23sp"
        />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_send"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="发送"
        android:textSize="23sp"/>
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_error"
        android:layout_marginTop="15dp"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:textSize="23sp"
        />
</LinearLayout>

服务端

前两步与客户端相同

第三步：WebSocket服务端工具类继承org.java_websocket.server.WebSocketServer

package com.example.websockettestapplication;

import android.util.Log;

import org.greenrobot.eventbus.EventBus;
import org.java_websocket.WebSocket;
import org.java_websocket.handshake.ClientHandshake;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class WebSocketServer extends org.java_websocket.server.WebSocketServer{

    public static WebSocketServer websocketServer;
    WebSocketServer(InetSocketAddress host){
        super(host);
    }

    public static void ready(){
        InetSocketAddress myHost = new InetSocketAddress("192.168.91.149", 25211);
        WebSocketServer websocketServer = new WebSocketServer(myHost);
        try {
            websocketServer.start();

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        WebSocketServer.websocketServer = websocketServer;
    }

    public static void Stop() {
        try {
            websocketServer.stop();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public static void Send(String string) {
        try {
            websocketServer.broadcast(string);
            //websocketServer.broadcast(string,clients);//Collection<WebSocket> clients,指定发送到哪个客户端
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onOpen(WebSocket conn, ClientHandshake handshake) {
        Log.d("WebSocketServer","onOpen()：连接到: "+getRemoteSocketAddress(conn));
        EventBus.getDefault().post(new MessageEvent(1,"onOpen："+getRemoteSocketAddress(conn)));
        MainActivity.isServer=true;

    }

    @Override
    public void onClose(WebSocket conn, int code, String reason, boolean remote) {
        Log.d("WebSocketServer","onClose");
        EventBus.getDefault().post(new MessageEvent(2,"onClose："+reason));
        websocketServer = null;
    }

    @Override
    public void onMessage(WebSocket conn, String message) {
        Log.d("WebSocketServer","onMessage"+message);
        EventBus.getDefault().post(new MessageEvent(1,message));

    }

    @Override
    public void onError(WebSocket conn, Exception ex) {

        Log.d("WebSocketServer","onError"+ex.toString());
        EventBus.getDefault().post(new MessageEvent(2,"onError："+ex.toString()));
    }

    @Override
    public void onStart() {
        Log.d("WebSocketServer","onStart:"+websocketServer.getAddress().getHostName());
        EventBus.getDefault().post(new MessageEvent(2,"onStart：服务器已就绪"+websocketServer.getAddress().getHostName()));

    }
}

第四步：主活动代码

package com.example.websockettestapplication;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Message;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import org.greenrobot.eventbus.EventBus;
import org.greenrobot.eventbus.Subscribe;
import org.greenrobot.eventbus.ThreadMode;
import org.java_websocket.handshake.ServerHandshake;

import java.net.URI;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
public static boolean isServer;
private int mMessage = 0;
private StringBuffer mShowBuffer = new StringBuffer();
private StringBuffer mErrorBuffer = new StringBuffer();
private TextView mTvShow,mTvError;
private Button mBtnSend;
private static final int TV_SHOW = 1;
private static final int TV_ERROR = 2;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        initUi();
        EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
        mBtnSend.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                if (isServer == true)
                   WebSocketServer.Send("1111122222");
                else Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "连接失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
        fixedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                WebSocketServer.ready();
            }
        });
    }
    @Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.MAIN)
    public void MessageEventBusa(MessageEvent messageEvent){

        switch (messageEvent.getNumber()) {
            case TV_SHOW://
                mShowBuffer.append(messageEvent.getMessage());
                mTvShow.setText(mShowBuffer);
                break;
            case TV_ERROR:
                mErrorBuffer.append(messageEvent.getMessage());
                mTvError.setText(mErrorBuffer);
                break;
        }
    }

    private void initUi() {
        mBtnSend = findViewById(R.id.btn_send);
        mTvShow = findViewById(R.id.tv_show);
        mTvError = findViewById(R.id.tv_error   );
    }
    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();

        EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this);
    }
}

XML代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_show"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:text="Hello World!"
        android:textSize="23sp"
        />
<Button
    android:id="@+id/btn_send"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="发送"
    android:textSize="23sp"/>
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_error"
        android:layout_marginTop="15dp"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:textSize="23sp"
        />
</LinearLayout>