go sync.Once

使用

sync.Once 保证在多goroutine情况下，只执行一次

下面函数，abc只会执行一次

func main() {
	once := sync.Once{}

	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
	wg.Add(10)

	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		go func() {
			once.Do(func() {
				fmt.Println("abc")
			})
			wg.Done()
		}()
	}

	wg.Wait()
}

原理

Once包含两个元素

done表示方法是否被执行

m用于执行方法时的加锁，防止并发

// Once is an object that will perform exactly one action.
//
// A Once must not be copied after first use.
type Once struct {
	// done indicates whether the action has been performed.
	// It is first in the struct because it is used in the hot path.
	// The hot path is inlined at every call site.
	// Placing done first allows more compact instructions on some architectures (amd64/386),
	// and fewer instructions (to calculate offset) on other architectures.
	done uint32
	m    Mutex
}

do方法：

先判断done是否为0，0表示方法未被执行

func (o *Once) Do(f func()) {
	if atomic.LoadUint32(&o.done) == 0 {
		// Outlined slow-path to allow inlining of the fast-path.
		o.doSlow(f)
	}
}

doSlow方法：

先去获取锁，然后二次判断done是否为0，如果为0，则执行方法，然后将done置为1

func (o *Once) doSlow(f func()) {
	o.m.Lock()
	defer o.m.Unlock()
	if o.done == 0 {
		defer atomic.StoreUint32(&o.done, 1)
		f()
	}
}