正则学习——1. java中Matcher类的group用法

1.前言

    最近在某网站学习时，看到讲师编写的工具类，有些疑惑，于是自己写了一个demo进行测试

2.讲师的demo

public static String getFirstString(String dealStr, String regexStr, int n) {
		if (dealStr == null || regexStr == null || n < 1) {
			return "";
		}
		Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(regexStr, Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE|Pattern.DOTALL);    //忽略大小写和换行符
		Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(dealStr);
		while (matcher.find()) {
			return matcher.group(n).trim();
		}
		return "";
	}

public static List<String> getList(String dealStr, String regexStr, int n) {
	List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
	if (StringUtils.isEmpty(dealStr) || StringUtils.isEmpty(regexStr) || n < 1) {
		return list;
	}
	Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(regexStr, Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE|Pattern.DOTALL);
	Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(dealStr);
	while (matcher.find()) {
		list.add(matcher.group(n));
	}
	return list;
}


public static List<String> getList(String dealStr, String regexStr) {
	List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
	if (StringUtils.isEmpty(dealStr) || StringUtils.isEmpty(regexStr)) {
		return list;
	}
	Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(regexStr, Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE|Pattern.DOTALL);
	Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(dealStr);
	while (matcher.find()) {
		list.add(matcher.group());
	}
	return list;
}

3.我的改进

public static String getFirstString(String dealStr, String regexStr, int n) {
		if (StringUtils.isEmpty(dealStr) || StringUtils.isEmpty(regexStr) || n < 1) {
			return "";
		}
		Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(regexStr, Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE|Pattern.DOTALL);
		Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(dealStr);
		// 个人觉得这里使用if更好，虽然效果一样
		if (matcher.find()) {
			// 这里不加trim更好，有可能控制针
			return matcher.group(n);
		}
		return "";
	}

4.案例

String dealStr = "ab1234_asdv";
String regexStr = "([a-z])|(\\d)";
System.out.println(RegexUtil.getList(dealStr, regexStr, 1));
System.out.println(RegexUtil.getList(dealStr, regexStr, 2));
System.out.println(RegexUtil.getList(dealStr, regexStr));

5.运行结果

[a, b, null, null, null, null, a, s, d, v]
[null, null, 1, 2, 3, 4, null, null, null, null]

[a, b, 1, 2, 3, 4, a, s, d, v]

6.分析

1.n >= 0 ,0匹配整个正则，n匹配第n个括号内（如果使用的是find()则是在整体的基础上符合第n个，如果使用的是find(n)，则是直接匹配第n个）,如果没有n个则报异常
2.使用find()时，当group(n)，匹配结果不符合第n正则的结果，则为null
3.group与group(0)一致