Analysis包分析
算法和数据结构分析:
由于Analysis包比较简单,不详述了!
算法:基于机械分词 1-gram,2-gram,HMM(如果使用ICTCLAS接口的话)
数据结构:部分源码用到了Set ,HashTable,HashMap
认真理解Token
Lucene中的Analysis包专门用于完成对于索引文件的分词.Lucene中的Token是一个非常重要的概念.
看一下其源码实现:
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下面编一段代码来看一下
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注意看其结果如下所示
0->Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(我,0,1,<CJK>,1)
1->Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(爱,1,2,<CJK>,1)
2->Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(天,2,3,<CJK>,1)
3->Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(大,3,4,<CJK>,1)
4->Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(但,5,6,<CJK>,1)
5->Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(我,6,7,<CJK>,1)
6->Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(更,7,8,<CJK>,1)
7->Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(爱,8,9,<CJK>,1)
8->Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(中,9,10,<CJK>,1)
9->Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(国,10,11,<CJK>,1)
注意:其中”,”被StandardAnalyzer给过滤掉了,所以大家注意第4个Token直接startOffset从5开始.
如果改用StopAnalyzer()
0->Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(我爱天大,0,4,word,1)
1->Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(但我更爱中国,5,11,word,1)
改用TjuChineseAnalyzer(我写的,下文会讲到如何去写)
0->Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(爱,3,4,word,1)
1->Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(天大,6,8,word,1)
2->Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(更,19,20,word,1)
3->Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(爱,22,23,word,1)
4->Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(中国,25,27,word,1)
讲明白了Token,咱们来看以下其他的东西
一个TokenStream是用来走访Token的iterator(迭代器)
看一下其源代码:
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一个Tokenizer,is-a TokenStream(派生自TokenStream),其输入为Reader
看一下其源码如下:
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一个TokenFilter is–a TokenStream(派生自TokenStream),其义如名就是用来完成对TokenStream的过滤操作,譬如
去StopWords,将Token变为小写等。
源码如下:
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一个Analyzer就是一个TokenStream工厂
看一下其源码就:
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好,现在咱们来看一下Lucene的Analysis包下面的各个类文件都是用来干什么的。按照字典排序。
Analysis包中的源码详解
Analyzer.java 上文已经讲过。
CharTokenizer.java 此类为简单一个抽象类,用来对基于字符的进行简单分词(tokenizer)
LetterTokenizer.java两个非字符之间的字符串定义为token(举例来说英文单词由空白隔开,那个两个空白之间的字符串即被定义为一个token。备注:对于绝大多数欧洲语言来说,这个类工作效能很好。当时对于不用空白符分割的亚洲语言,效能极差(譬如中日韩)。)
LowerCaseFilter.java is-a TokenFilter用于将字母小写化
LowerCaseTokenizer is-a Tokenizer功能上等价于LetterTokenizer+LowerCaseFilter
PerFieldAnalyzerWrapper是一个Analyzer,因为继承自Analyzer当不同的域(Field)需要不同的语言分析器(Analyzer)时,这个Analyzer就派上了用场。使用成员函数addAnalyzer可以增加一个非缺省的基于某个Field的analyzer。很少使用。
PorterStemFilter.java使用词干抽取算法对每一个token流进行词干抽取。
PorterStemmer.java 有名的P-stemming算法
SimpleAnalyzer.java
StopAnalyzer.java 具有过滤停用词的功能
StopFilter.java StopFilter为一个Filter,主要用于从token流中去除StopWords
Token.java 上面已讲.
TokenFilter.java 上面已经讲了
Tokenizer.java 上面已经讲了
TokenStream.java 上面已经讲了
WhitespaceAnalyzer.java
WhitespaceTokenizer.java 只是按照space区分Token.
由于Lucene的analyisis包下的Standard包下的StandardAnalyzer()功能很强大,而且支持CJK分词,我们简要说一下.
此包下的文件是有StandardTokenizer.jj经过javac命令生成的.由于是机器自动生成的代码,可能可读性很差,想了解的话好好看看那个StandardTokenizer.jj文件就会比较明了了.
Lucene常用的Analyzer功能概述.
WhitespaceAnalyzer:仅仅是去除空格,对字符没有lowcase化,不支持中文
SimpleAnalyzer:功能强于WhitespaceAnalyzer,将除去letter之外的符号全部过滤掉,并且将所有的字符lowcase化,不支持中文
StopAnalyzer:StopAnalyzer的功能超越了SimpleAnalyzer,在SimpleAnalyzer的基础上
增加了去除StopWords的功能,不支持中文
StandardAnalyzer:英文的处理能力同于StopAnalyzer.支持中文采用的方法为单字切分.
ChineseAnalyzer:来自于Lucene的sand box.性能类似于StandardAnalyzer,缺点是不支持中英文混和分词.
CJKAnalyzer:chedong写的CJKAnalyzer的功能在英文处理上的功能和StandardAnalyzer相同
但是在汉语的分词上,不能过滤掉标点符号,即使用二元切分
TjuChineseAnalyzer:我写的,功能最为强大.TjuChineseAnlyzer的功能相当强大,在中文分词方面由于其调用的为ICTCLAS的java接口.所以其在中文方面性能上同与ICTCLAS.其在英文分词上采用了Lucene的StopAnalyzer,可以去除 stopWords,而且可以不区分大小写,过滤掉各类标点符号.
各个Analyzer的功能已经比较介绍完毕了,现在咱们应该学写Analyzer,如何diy自己的analyzer呢??
如何DIY一个Analyzer
咱们写一个Analyzer,要求有一下功能
(1) 可以处理中文和英文,对于中文实现的是单字切分,对于英文实现的是以空格切分.
(2) 对于英文部分要进行小写化.
(3) 具有过滤功能,可以人工设定StopWords列表.如果不是人工设定,系统会给出默认的StopWords列表.
(4) 使用P-stemming算法对于英文部分进行词缀处理.
代码如下:
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可以看见其后的结果如下:
Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(爱,1,2,<CJK>,1)
Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(中,2,3,<CJK>,1)
Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(国,3,4,<CJK>,1)
Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(爱,6,7,<CJK>,1)
Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(天,7,8,<CJK>,1)
Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(津,8,9,<CJK>,1)
Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(大,9,10,<CJK>,1)
Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(学,10,11,<CJK>,1)
Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(i,12,13,<ALPHANUM>,1)
Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(love,14,18,<ALPHANUM>,1)
Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(china,19,24,<ALPHANUM>,1)
Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(tianjin,25,32,<ALPHANUM>,1)
Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(citi,39,43,<ALPHANUM>,1)
到此为止这个简单的但是功能强大的分词器就写完了,下面咱们可以尝试写一个功能更强大的分词器.
如何DIY一个功能更加强大Analyzer
譬如你有词典,然后你根据正向最大匹配法或者逆向最大匹配法写了一个分词方法,却想在Lucene中应用,很简单
你只要把他们包装成Lucene的TokenStream就好了.下边我以调用中科院写的ICTCLAS接口为例,进行演示.你去中科院
网站可以拿到此接口的free版本,谁叫你没钱呢,有钱,你就可以购买了.哈哈
好,由于ICTCLAS进行分词之后,在Java中,中间会以两个空格隔开!too easy,我们直接使用继承Lucene的
WhiteSpaceTokenizer就好了.
所以TjuChineseTokenizer 看起来像是这样.
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6810355c2f78c12e91b7997a8e8c583a.gif)
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而TjuChineseAnalyzer看起来象是这样
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对于此程序的输出接口可以看一下
0->Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(爱,3,4,word,1)
1->Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(中国,6,8,word,1)
2->Token's (termText,startOffset,endOffset,type,positionIncrement) is:(人民,10,12,word,1)
OK,经过这样一番讲解,你已经对Lucene的Analysis包认识的比较好了,当然如果你想更加了解,还是认真读读源码才好,
呵呵,源码说明一切!