首先看AsyncTask的execute
为啥一个任务实例只能执行一次,如果执行第二次将会抛出异常
看下面的代码,一共有三种状态PENDING(尚未执行),RUNNING(执行中),FINISHED(已经执行完),只有是未执行则开始执行,否则是执行中或是已经执行完则抛异常.
if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
switch (mStatus) {
case RUNNING:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task is already running.");
case FINISHED:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task has already been executed "
+ "(a task can be executed only once)");
}
}
mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
onPreExecute();
mWorker.mParams = params;
exec.execute(mFuture);
return this;
可以看到在execute中执行了onPreExecute()方法,说明onPreExecute也运行在主线程中
可以看到mWorker存储了execute传过来的参数,mWorker是WorkerRunnable类型的,而WorkerRunnable实现了Callable,
Callable类似于Runnable的接口,都是可被其它线程执行的任务,mWorker在AsyncTask的构造方法里被初始化,可以看到call里执行了doInBackground,所以就从主线程执行到了子线程
mWorker.mParams = params;
private final WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> mWorker;
private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result> {
Params[] mParams;
}
mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
public Result call() throws Exception {
mTaskInvoked.set(true);
Result result = null;
try {
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
//noinspection unchecked
result = doInBackground(mParams);
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
} catch (Throwable tr) {
mCancelled.set(true);
throw tr;
} finally {
postResult(result);
}
return result;
}
};
exec.execute(mFuture);是线程池,每execute一次会从线程池中取出一个线程执行
mFuture的声明private final FutureTask<Result> mFuture
FutureTask可以用来封装一个Runnable或者Callable任务,并异步执行,当用户想要返回的结果时,只需要调用get方法获取。
FutureTask继承了RunnableFuture接口,它可以直接作为一个Runnable或Callable提交到线程池执行。
在下面的初始化中new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker)可以看到保存了mWorker
也就是说exec.execute(mFuture);这句话就是要执行mFuture的run方法,run方法中result = c.call();这句话就调到了mWorker的call方法,然后就执行了doInBackground,然后将doInBackground执行结果保存在result中,run方法中还有句set(result),set中调用了done方法,这个done方法会被调用,就会执行下面的done方法.(加粗字体的是java的知识)
mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
@Override
protected void done() {
try {
postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
e.getCause());
} catch (CancellationException e) {
postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
}
}
};
然后继续执行,最后走到result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);因此通过handler发消息将结果返回到主线程.执行了onProgressUpdate,如果finish则执行onPostExecute
private void postResultIfNotInvoked(Result result) {
final boolean wasTaskInvoked = mTaskInvoked.get();
if (!wasTaskInvoked) {
postResult(result);
}
}
private Result postResult(Result result) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
message.sendToTarget();
return result;
}
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
switch (msg.what) {
case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
// There is only one result
result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
break;
case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
break;
}
}
private void finish(Result result) {
if (isCancelled()) {
onCancelled(result);
} else {
onPostExecute(result);
}
mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
}
值得注意的是AsyncTask三种泛型类型分别代表“启动任务执行的输入参数”、“后台任务执行的进度”、“后台计算结果的类型”。在特定场合下,并不是所有类型都被使用,如果没有被使用,可以用java.lang.Void类型代替。