深入详解Struts2——struts2的配置文件

struts2的配置文件
web.xml：/WEB-INF/ Web部署描述符，包括所有必需的框架组件
struts.xml：/WEB-INF/classes/ 主要的配置文件，包含result映射、action映射、拦截器配置等
struts.properties：/WEB-INF/classes/ struts2框架属性
struts-default.xml:/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core.jar struts2提供默认配置
struts-plugin.xml:/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-xxx-plugin.jar struts2框架的插件所用的配置文件
web.xml
struts2框架需要你在web.xml文件中配置一个前端控制器——FilterDispatcher，用于对Struts框架进行初始化以及处理所有的请求。
FilterDispatcher可以包含一些初始化的参数
config：要加载的XML配置文件列表（以逗号分隔）。如果没有设置这个参数，struts2框架默认将加载struts-default.xml、struts-plugin.xml和struts.xml
actionPackages:以逗号分隔的Java包名的列表，struts2框架将扫描这些包中的Action类。
configProviders:实现了ConfigurationProvider接口的Java类的列表(以逗号分隔),ConfiguratioonProvider接口描述了框架的配置，默认情况下，struts2框架使用StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider从XML文档中加载他的配置
例如：

<filter>
    <filter-name>struts</filter-name>
    <filter-class>
        org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher
    </filter-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>actionPackages</param-name>
        <param-value>com.mycompany.myapp.actions</param-value>
    </init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>struts</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

struts-default.xml
struts-default.xml是struts2框架的基础配置文件，位于struts-core-2.0.11.jar中,struts-default.xml文件会自动被包含到struts.xml文件中，以提供标准的配置设置而不需要复制其内容，例如我们在配置strtus.xml时：

<package name="default" extends="struts-default" >

struts-default包就是在struts-default.xml文件中定义的，在这个包中定义了struts2内置的结果类型（包括Servlet转发、Servlet重定向、FreeMarker模板输出、XSTL渲染和ActionChainResult等），内置的拦截器以及由不同拦截器组成的拦截器栈，这些拦截器可以直接使用，也可以作为自定义的拦截器栈的基础。
struts.xml
struts.xml是struts2框架的核心配置文件，在这个配置文件中可以配置作用于action的拦截器、action和result的映射等。
struts.xml文件的元素结构

struts2给出了struts.xml文件的dtd(document type definition,文档类型定义)在struts2的核心类型中有一个struts-2.0.dtd文件，该文件就是struts.xml和struts-default.xml文件的dtd

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
/*
 * $Id: struts-2.0.dtd 651946 2008-04-27 13:41:38Z apetrelli $
 *
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */
-->
<!-- START SNIPPET: strutsDtd -->
<!--
   Struts configuration DTD.
   Use the following DOCTYPE

   <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC 
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
-->
<!ELEMENT struts (package|include|bean|constant)*>
<!ELEMENT package (result-types?, interceptors?, default-interceptor-ref?, default-action-ref?, default-class-ref?, global-results?, global-exception-mappings?, action*)>
<!ATTLIST package
    name CDATA #REQUIRED
    extends CDATA #IMPLIED
    namespace CDATA #IMPLIED
    abstract CDATA #IMPLIED
    externalReferenceResolver NMTOKEN #IMPLIED
>
<!ELEMENT result-types (result-type+)>
<!ELEMENT result-type (param*)>
<!ATTLIST result-type
    name CDATA #REQUIRED
    class CDATA #REQUIRED
    default (true|false) "false"
>
<!ELEMENT interceptors (interceptor|interceptor-stack)+>
<!ELEMENT interceptor (param*)>
<!ATTLIST interceptor
    name CDATA #REQUIRED
    class CDATA #REQUIRED
>
<!ELEMENT interceptor-stack (interceptor-ref*)>
<!ATTLIST interceptor-stack
    name CDATA #REQUIRED
>
<!ELEMENT interceptor-ref (param*)>
<!ATTLIST interceptor-ref
    name CDATA #REQUIRED
>
<!ELEMENT default-interceptor-ref (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST default-interceptor-ref
    name CDATA #REQUIRED
>
<!ELEMENT default-action-ref (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST default-action-ref
    name CDATA #REQUIRED
>
<!ELEMENT default-class-ref (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST default-class-ref
    class CDATA #REQUIRED
>
<!ELEMENT global-results (result+)>
<!ELEMENT global-exception-mappings (exception-mapping+)>
<!ELEMENT action (param|result|interceptor-ref|exception-mapping)*>
<!ATTLIST action
    name CDATA #REQUIRED
    class CDATA #IMPLIED
    method CDATA #IMPLIED
    converter CDATA #IMPLIED
>
<!ELEMENT param (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST param
    name CDATA #REQUIRED
>
<!ELEMENT result (#PCDATA|param)*>
<!ATTLIST result
    name CDATA #IMPLIED
    type CDATA #IMPLIED
>
<!ELEMENT exception-mapping (#PCDATA|param)*>
<!ATTLIST exception-mapping
    name CDATA #IMPLIED
    exception CDATA #REQUIRED
    result CDATA #REQUIRED
>
<!ELEMENT include (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST include
    file CDATA #REQUIRED
>
<!ELEMENT bean (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST bean
    type CDATA #IMPLIED
    name CDATA #IMPLIED
    class CDATA #REQUIRED
    scope CDATA #IMPLIED
    static CDATA #IMPLIED
    optional CDATA #IMPLIED
>
<!ELEMENT constant (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST constant
    name CDATA #REQUIRED
    value CDATA #REQUIRED    
>
<!-- END SNIPPET: strutsDtd -->

struts-plugin.xml
struts2提供了类型于Eclipse的插件机制来扩展自身功能，插件以Jar包的方式提供
下面我们看一下Spring插件的配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!--
/*
 * $Id: struts-plugin.xml 1221225 2011-12-20 12:22:28Z jogep $
 *
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */
-->
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">

<struts>
    <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory" name="spring" class="org.apache.struts2.spring.StrutsSpringObjectFactory" />

    <!--  Make the Spring object factory the automatic default -->
    <constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring" />
    <constant name="struts.class.reloading.watchList" value="" />
    <constant name="struts.class.reloading.acceptClasses" value="" />
    <constant name="struts.class.reloading.reloadConfig" value="false" />
    <package name="spring-default">
        <interceptors>
            <interceptor name="autowiring" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.interceptor.ActionAutowiringInterceptor"/>
        </interceptors>
    </package>    
</struts>