使用策略模式选择同一个接口的不同适配实现

使用策略模式选择同一个接口的不同适配实现，基于SpringBoot工程进行：

1. 定义动物的统一行为接口AdaptAnimalService

package com.example.jvm.demo.service;

/**
 * 动物行为接口
 *
 * @author fangxc
 * @version V1.0.0
 * @date 2022/2/10 13:51
 */
public interface AdaptAnimalService {

    String CAT_SERVICE = "CAT";

    String DOG_SERVICE = "DOG";

    default String eat() throws Exception {
        throw new RuntimeException();
    }

    default String cry() throws Exception {
        throw new RuntimeException();
    }
}

2.新增2个具体实现Cat和Dog

package com.example.jvm.demo.service.impl;

import com.example.jvm.demo.service.AdaptAnimalService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * Cat实现
 *
 * @author fangxc
 * @version V1.0.0
 * @date 2022/2/10 13:54
 */
@Service(AdaptAnimalService.CAT_SERVICE)
public class Cat implements AdaptAnimalService {

    @Override
    public String eat() throws Exception {
        return "猫吃鱼！";
    }

    @Override
    public String cry() throws Exception {
        return "猫喵喵叫！";
    }
}

package com.example.jvm.demo.service.impl;

import com.example.jvm.demo.service.AdaptAnimalService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * Dog实现
 *
 * @author fangxc
 * @version V1.0.0
 * @date 2022/2/10 13:56
 */
@Service(AdaptAnimalService.DOG_SERVICE)
public class Dog implements AdaptAnimalService {

    @Override
    public String eat() throws Exception {
        return "狗吃骨头！";
    }

    @Override
    public String cry() throws Exception {
        return "狗汪汪叫！";
    }
}

3. 新增动物类型枚举AdaptAnimalEnum（可以不需要，只是为了代码的可阅读性以及后续可维护性）

package com.example.jvm.demo.enums;

import com.example.jvm.demo.service.AdaptAnimalService;

/**
 * 动物类型枚举
 *
 * @author fangxc
 * @version V1.0.0
 * @date 2022/2/10 13:58
 */
public enum AdaptAnimalEnum {

    CAT_SERVICE(AdaptAnimalService.CAT_SERVICE, 1, "猫服务"),

    DOG_SERVICE(AdaptAnimalService.DOG_SERVICE, 2, "狗服务"),;

    private String animalServiceName;

    private int animalType;

    private String animalDesc;

    AdaptAnimalEnum(String animalServiceName, int animalType, String animalDesc) {
        this.animalServiceName = animalServiceName;
        this.animalType = animalType;
        this.animalDesc = animalDesc;
    }

    public String getAnimalServiceName() {
        return animalServiceName;
    }

    public int getAnimalType() {
        return animalType;
    }

    public String getAnimalDesc() {
        return animalDesc;
    }

    public static String getAnimalServiceNameByType(int animalType)  {
        for (AdaptAnimalEnum value : AdaptAnimalEnum.values()) {
            if (value.getAnimalType() == animalType) {
                return value.getAnimalServiceName();
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
}

4. 添加动物具体实现适配器AdaptAnimalContext

package com.example.jvm.demo.context;

import cn.hutool.core.util.StrUtil;
import com.example.jvm.demo.enums.AdaptAnimalEnum;
import com.example.jvm.demo.service.AdaptAnimalService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

/**
 * 动物具体实现适配器
 *
 * @author fangxc
 * @version V1.0.0
 * @date 2022/2/10 14:06
 */
@Component
public class AdaptAnimalContext {

    @Autowired
    public Map<String, AdaptAnimalService> adaptAnimalServiceMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

    /**
     * 根据动物类型编码获取具体动物实现类
     *
     * @param animalType
     * @return
     */
    public AdaptAnimalService getAdaptAnimalServiceByType(int animalType) {
        String animalServiceName = AdaptAnimalEnum.getAnimalServiceNameByType(animalType);
        if (StrUtil.hasBlank(animalServiceName)) {
            throw new RuntimeException("animalType:'" + animalType + "' does not exists!");
        }
        AdaptAnimalService strategy = adaptAnimalServiceMap.get(animalServiceName);
        if (strategy == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("No AnimalService Matched, AnimalServiceName : " + animalServiceName);
        }

        return strategy;
    }
}

5. 单元测试下，看下实际运行效果

    @Autowired
    private AdaptAnimalContext adaptAnimalContext;
    
    @Test
    public void animalAdaptTest1() throws Exception {
        System.out.println(adaptAnimalContext.getAdaptAnimalServiceByType(1).eat());
        System.out.println(adaptAnimalContext.getAdaptAnimalServiceByType(1).cry());
        System.out.println(adaptAnimalContext.getAdaptAnimalServiceByType(2).eat());
        System.out.println(adaptAnimalContext.getAdaptAnimalServiceByType(2).cry());
        System.out.println(adaptAnimalContext.getAdaptAnimalServiceByType(3).eat());
    }

 6. 此种方式，在例如支付收银台场景中，支付是一个通用的行为，它的具体实现可以是支付宝、微信、云闪付、银联等，可以让代码更加优雅，后续的可阅读性和可维护性相对友好（当然你要是觉得if-else就是天，那你说得对）