bash 学习笔记(四) -流程控制

 

一、IF/ELSE

if  condition
then
    statements
[elif condition
     then  statements ... ]
[ else  
    statements]
fi

 

字符串比较操作
Operator	True if...
str1 = str2a	str1 matches str2
str1 != str2	str1 does not match str2
str1 < str2	str1 is less than str2
str1 > str2	str1 is greater than str2
-n str1	str1 is not null (has length greater than 0)
-z str1	str1 is null (has length 0)

 

文件
Operator	True if...
-d file	file exists and is a directory
-e file	file exists
-f file	file exists and is a regular file (i.e., not a directory or other special type of file)
-r file	You have read permission on file
-s file	file exists and is not empty
-w file	You have write permission on file
-x file	You have execute permission on file, or directory search permission if it is a directory
-O file	You own file
-G file	file's group ID matches yours (or one of yours, if you are in multiple groups).
file1 -nt file2	file1 is newer than file2a
file1 -ot file2	file1 is older than file2

 

二、FOR

语法：

Type   1 :
for  x : =   1  to  10   do
begin
    statements ...
end

Type2:
for  name [in list]
do
    statements that can  use   $ name ...
done

例子,打印文件目录结构的代码： 

# ! / bin / bash  + xv

MAX_PRINT_COUNTS = 8
recdir  ()
{
        seperate =$ repeat_seperate $ seperate

        local current_count
        current_count = 0
         for  file in  " $@ " ;   do
                thisfile =$ thisfile /$ file
                 if  [ -d  " $thisfile "  ] ;   then
                         # print  blank after any  path .
                         echo  -e  $ {seperate% $ {path_seperate}} $ repeat_seperate

                         # print  the  path
                         echo  -e  $ seperate $ file  
                        recdir  $( command  ls  $ thisfile )
                 else
                         if  [  $ current_count -eq  $ MAX_PRINT_COUNTS ]  ;   then
                                 echo  -e  $ {seperate} ......
                        elif [  $ current_count -lt  $ MAX_PRINT_COUNTS ]  ;   then
                                 echo  -e  $ seperate $ file
                        fi
                        current_count =$(( current_count  +   1 ))
                fi

                thisfile =$ {thisfile% / *}
        done

         # attention: must using  / t  not  the  t or  $ repeat_seperate .
        seperate =$ {seperate # | / t}
}

recls  ()
{
        path_seperate = " |------- "
        repeat_seperate = " | "
        seperate =$ path_seperate
        
         for  tryfile in  " $@ " ;   do
                 if  [ -d  " $tryfile "  ] ;   then
                        thisfile =$ tryfile
                         echo  -e  $ seperate $ thisfile
                        recdir  $( command  ls  $ tryfile )
                 else
                         echo  -e  $ path_seperate $ tryfile
                fi
        done
 
        unset  dir  path_seperate repeat_seperate seperate
}

file =$ 1
echo   $ file
 
if  [ -d  " $file "  ] ;   then
     cd   $ file
    recls  $( ls )
     cd   ..
fi

>./bashfile /home/setup/mysql++2.1.1

......more result

|-------COPYING
|-------CREDITS
|-------doc
|       |-------mysqlpp-refman.pdf
|       |-------mysqlpp-userman.pdf
|       |-------README.devel
|       |-------README.mysql++
|       |
|       |-------refman
|       |       |
|       |       |-------html
|       |       |       |-------annotated.html
|       |       |       |-------classmysqlpp_1_1BadConversion__coll__graph.png
|       |       |       |-------classmysqlpp_1_1BadConversion.html
|       |       |       |-------classmysqlpp_1_1BadConversion__inherit__graph.png
|       |       |       |-------classmysqlpp_1_1BadConversion-members.html
|       |       |       |-------classmysqlpp_1_1BadFieldName__coll__graph.png
|       |       |       |-------classmysqlpp_1_1BadFieldName.html
|       |       |       |-------classmysqlpp_1_1BadFieldName__inherit__graph.png
|       |       |       |-------......
|       |-------ssqls-pretty
|       |
|       |-------userman
|       |       |-------common.xsl
|       |       |-------fo.xsl
|       |       |
|       |       |-------html
|       |       |       |-------breakages.html
|       |       |       |-------index.html
|       |       |       |-------licenses.html
|       |       |       |-------overview.html
|       |       |       |-------ssqls.html
|       |       |       |-------tquery.html
|       |       |       |-------tutorial.html
|       |       |       |-------unicode.html
|       |       |       |-------......
|       |       |-------html.xsl

....... more result

 三．case

The syntax of case is as follows:

case expression in
    pattern1 )
        statements ;;
    pattern2 | pattern3 )
        statements ;;
    ...
esac

四．select

主要是将一串字符串用来生成菜单，然后可以返回用户选择结果，可以做成单选多选等．如：

# ! / bin / bash
selected ()
{
        PS3 = 'file / directory? '
         select  selection in  " $@ " ;   do
                 if  [  $ selection ] ;   then
                         echo  user selected:  $ selection
                         break
                 else
                         echo  'invalid selection . '
                fi
        done

}

file =$ { 1 }
file =$ {file:? "  Missing. " }
if  [ -d  " $file "  ] ;   then
         cd   $ file
        selected  $( ls )

else
        selected  $ file
fi

[root@localhost bash]# ./select.sh /usr/local/
1) bin                      7) libexec
2) etc                      8) man
3) games                    9) mysql
4) include                 10) sbin
5) jakarta-tomcat-5.0.28   11) share
6) lib                     12) src
file/directory? 5
user selected: jakarta-tomcat-5.0.28

五．while/until

The syntax for while is:

while conditiondo
    statements...done

and until:
until command; do
    statements...done

例子不使用IFS来实现 ls 每个PATH里的目录:

#./bin/bash
path=$PATH:

while [ $path ]; do
    ls -ld ${path%%:*}
    path=${path#*:}
done