Audio & Music

最新推荐文章于 2021-10-05 19:04:47 发布

Ferro_Fang

最新推荐文章于 2021-10-05 19:04:47 发布

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HIFI的未来——PCHIFI。谈谈PCHIFI音源和系统设置.

http://www.8775.com/Info/201206/News-7402.Html

输出有Waveout，DirectSound（DS），Kernel Streaming（KS），ASIO等等。简单的说Waveout和DirectSound（DS）是经过微软的系统kmixer混音后输出的，对音质有影响，千万不能用。Kernel Streaming（KS）简单的说就是微软开出一条独立通道，不经过系统kmixer混音等的输出方式；ASIO是为录音减小延迟开发出的一个直接绕过微软的最底层的输出方式；那Kernel Streaming（KS）和ASIO高低谁好呢？存在争议，有人认为一样的，都是绕开了系统，ASIO不过是为了减少录音延迟的对播放传输跟没什么不同，不过专业录音用的都是ASIO输出，大家看那个好用好听就用那个吧。

http://www.tuishao.net/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=49018

ASIO、DS、KS、WASAPI之间的相对区别：
ASIO、WDM都是指音频通道，就是音频数据走的路。
ASIO指的是ASIO音频通道。
WDM是指WDM类型的音频通道，具体包括WaveOut、DirectSound（简称DS）、Kernel Streaming（简称KS），Windows Vista和7 还比XP多了WASAPI。
打形象的比喻，音频数据是车，操作系统的音频部分是一条路。
WaveOut、DirectSound（简称DS）就好比最一般的公用车道，大家可以并行走（程序可以一起发声），但要受到一些旁车的影响。
Kernel Streaming（简称KS），WASAPI好比在这条操作系统音频之路上划出一条专用道，只允许一个车走，虽然还走着一条路，但没有干扰了，程序独占。
ASIO就好比我压根不走操作系统那条路了，我自己专门再修一条新路，自己走自己的，不过操作系统公共音频部分了。
其实ASIO最有价值的地方在于录音，它的最大特点在于声音数据在通道里通行快，延时小（音频传输是需要若干毫秒的时间的，对于精确录音和声音混音合成，很是敏感）。但在播放上，它的价值也就是信号干扰小，较纯净，保真。

Fanmusic FM-6011: http://www.aliexpress.com/store/product/FANMUSIC-FM-6011-COAX-USB-to-SPDIF-COAX-Converter-NEW/601461_632890827.html

Multimedia Bit Rate

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_rate#Audio

Audio[edit]

CD-DA, the standard audio CD, is said to have a data rate of 44.1 kHz/16, meaning that the audio data was sampled 44,100 times per second and with a bit depth of 16. CD-DA is also stereo, using a left and right channel, so the amount of audio data per second is double that of mono, where only a single channel is used.

The bit rate of PCM audio data can be calculated with the following formula:

$bit\ rate = sample\ rate \times bit\ depth \times channels$

For example, the bit rate of a CD-DA recording (44.1 kHz sampling rate, 16 bits per sample and 2 channels) can be calculated as follows:

$44,100 \times 16 \times 2 = 1,411,200\ \mathrm{bit/s} = 1,411.2\ \mathrm{kbit/s}$

The cumulative size of a length of audio data (excluding a file header or other metadata) can be calculated using the following formula:

$size\ in\ bits = sample\ rate \times bit\ depth \times channels \times length\ of\ time$

The cumulative size in bytes can be found by dividing the file size in bits by the number of bits in a byte, which is 8:

$size\ in\ bytes = \frac{size\ in\ bits}{8}$

Therefore, 80 minutes (4,800 seconds) of CD-DA data requires 846,720,000 bytes of storage:

$\frac{44,100 \times 16 \times 2 \times 4,800}{8} = 846,720,000\ \mathrm{bytes} \approx 847\ \mathrm{MB}$

MP3[edit]

The MP3 audio format lossy data compression. Audio quality improves with increasing bitrate.

32 kbit/s - generally acceptable only for speech
96 kbit/s - generally used for speech or low-quality streaming
128 or 160 kbit/s – mid-range bitrate quality
192 kbit/s - a commonly used high-quality bitrate
320 kbit/s - highest level supported by MP3 standard

Other audio[edit]

800 bit/s – minimum necessary for recognizable speech, using the special-purpose FS-1015 speech codecs.
1400 bit/s – lowest bitrate open-source speech codec Codec2.^[15]
2.15 kbit/s – minimum bitrate available through the open-source Speex codec.
8 kbit/s – telephone quality using speech codecs.
32-500 kbit/s – lossy audio as used in Ogg Vorbis.
256 kbit/s – Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB.) MP2 bit rate required to achieve a high quality signal.^[16]
400 kbit/s–1,411 kbit/s – lossless audio as used in formats such as Free Lossless Audio Codec, WavPack, orMonkey's Audio to compress CD audio.
1,411.2 kbit/s – Linear PCM sound format of CD-DA.
5,644.8 kbit/s - DSD, which is a trademarked implementation of PDM sound format used on Super Audio CD.^[17]
6.144 Mbit/s - E-AC-3 (Dolby Digital Plus), which is an enhanced coding system based on the AC-3 codec.
18 Mbit/s - advanced lossless audio codec based on Meridian Lossless Packing.

Video[edit]

16 kbit/s – videophone quality (minimum necessary for a consumer-acceptable "talking head" picture using various video compression schemes)
128–384 kbit/s – business-oriented videoconferencing quality using video compression
1.15 Mbit/s max – VCD quality (using MPEG1 compression)^[18]
3.5 Mbit/s typ — Standard-definition television quality (with bit-rate reduction from MPEG-2 compression)
9.8 Mbit/s max – DVD (using MPEG2 compression)^[19]
8 to 15 Mbit/s typ – HDTV quality (with bit-rate reduction from MPEG-4 AVC compression)
19 Mbit/s approximate — HDV 720p (using MPEG2 compression)^[20]
24 Mbit/s max — AVCHD (using MPEG4 AVC compression)^[21]
25 Mbit/s approximate — HDV 1080i (using MPEG2 compression)^[20]
29.4 Mbit/s max – HD DVD
40 Mbit/s max – Blu-ray Disc (using MPEG2, AVC or VC-1 compression)^[22]

Ferro_Fang

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Audio & Music

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_rate#AudioAudio[edit]CD-DA, the standard audio CD, is said to have a data rate of 44.1 kHz/16, meaning that the audio data was sampled 44,100 times per secon
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