三大特性
1.原子性
线程任务不可再分。
int i = 1;
i++;
原子类 AtomicX
2 可见性
线程之间的操作是互相不可见的
//线程A如果,flag为true,就运行打印语句 A: true
Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
while (true) {
if (flag) {
System.out.println("A:" + flag);
}
}
});
//100ms之后将flag变为true
Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
flag = true;
System.out.println("B:" + flag);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
});
t1.start();
t2.start();
3 有序性
程序运行顺序不能改变
3.线程安全性解决方案-锁
1 锁的使用过程
1. 每一个对象只有一把锁,
2. 每个线程抢锁,谁先抢到这个线程就是锁的持有者。
3. 持有锁的线程访问有synchronized 标记的方法/代码块
4. 离开synchronized ,线程释放锁
模拟场景
火车票抢购
有100张车票
多个站点在卖票 A,B,C
100票共享给A,B,C
每卖出一张票,票--;
当票==0,卖票终止
public class Resource {
private String name;
public Resource(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Resource [name=" + name + "]"
public class DeadLockDemo extends Thread {
private Resource a;
private Resource b;
public DeadLockDemo(Resource a, Resource b) {
this.a = a;
this.b = b;
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("准备锁定: " + a);
synchronized (a) {
try {
sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("资源:" + a + "锁定成功....");
System.out.println("准备锁定: " + b);
synchronized (b) {
System.out.println("资源:" + b + "锁定成功....");
}
System.out.println("释放资源:" + b + "成功...");
}
System.out.println("释放资源:" + a + "成功...");
}
}
Resource r1 = new Resource("A");
Resource r2 = new Resource("B");
Resource r3 = new Resource("C");
Thread t1 = new DeadLockDemo(r1, r2);
Thread t2 = new DeadLockDemo(r2, r3);
Thread t3 = new DeadLockDemo(r3, r1);
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();