SpringCloud 的微服务调用

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-04 14:56:15 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-04 14:56:15 发布

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分类专栏： SpringCloud 文章标签： spring cloud 微服务 eureka

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/g13197895299/article/details/125131049

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此次博客将简单描述如何在使用SpringCloud框架创建的微服务项目中进行微服务的互相调用。

一、Eureka的认识

Eureka和dubbo框架中经常使用的Zookeeper类似，都是一个用于服务注册和发现的组件。当你创建的微服务需要被其它服务调用时，就需要先在EurekaServer中注册这个服务，方便服务消费者从Eureka查询服务提供者的地址，并通过该地址调⽤服务提供者的接⼝。具体的EurekaServer的架构图如图所示：

二、EurekaServer的创建

1、利用IDEA提供模板，并在其中选择好相应的依赖。

具体配置文件内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.9</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>eurekaServer</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>eurekaServer</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>2020.0.3</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

注意：在选择依赖版本时，应注意SpringCloud和SpringBoot的版本要相对应。

2、在自动生成的启动器上，加上注解@EnableEurekaServer来启动EurekaServer。

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);
    }

}

3、设置配置文件，配置相应的端口和信息。

server: 
    port: 9004 
spring: 
    application: 
        name: eureka-server 
eureka: 
    client: 
        service-url: 
            # eureka 服务地址，如果是集群的话；需要指定其它集群eureka地址 
            defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:9004/eureka 
        # 不注册⾃⼰ 
        register-with-eureka: false 
        # 不拉取服务 
        fetch-registry: false

4、如果要测试是否创建成功，可以在服务器启动之后访问相应的端口和地址就能看见控制页面。

三、服务提供者的创建

1、在利用模板创建服务提供者的方式和上一步大致相同，就是需要选择的依赖部分不一样。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.9</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.kkb</groupId>
    <artifactId>billServer</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>billServer</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>2020.0.3</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.3</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

2、在启动器类上添加注解@EnableDiscoveryClient。

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class BillServerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(BillServerApplication.class, args);
    }

}

3、在配置文件中设置相应的参数。

server:
  port: ${port:9001}
spring:
  application:
    name: billServer
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:9004/eureka
    fetch-registry: true
    register-with-eureka: true

4、这时先启动Eureka，再启动服务提供者，访问Eureka的控制页面就可以看见注册的服务列表了。

四、创建服务消费者

1、在模板中选择相应的依赖。具体依赖如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.9</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>makeBill</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>makeBill</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>2020.0.3</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

2、在配置文件中配置相应的参数：

server:
  port: 9002
spring:
  application:
    name: makeServer
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:9004/eureka

3、改造启动类，在类名上加上注解@EnableDiscoveryClient，并在类中加上一个返RestTemplate的单例方法。为了在调用服务时实现负载均衡，在该方法上加上注解@LoadBalnced，具体代码如下：

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class MakeBillApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MakeBillApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced//实现负载均衡
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

}

4、在controller层代码中，需要调用服务时，可以使用RestTemplate来调用服务。如果有调用的服务有多个端口可以实现负载均衡时，在编写url地址就不要指定具体的地址和端口，换成服务名就行。

    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping("/text/{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<LastResult> getResultById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){


        String url = "http://billServer/bill/test/list/"+id;
        LastResult payment = restTemplate.getForObject(url, LastResult.class);
        return ResponseEntity.ok(payment);
    }