drf-路由

【1】路由写法变化

• 只要继承了ViewSetMixin的子类 ---》 路由写法就要变了

• 变成映射方式

# 视图类
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from .models import Book,Publish
from .serializer import BookSerializer,PublishSerializer
​
​
class BookView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
​
​
class PublishView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset =Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class =PublishSerializer
​
    
# 序列化类 Serializer.py    
from rest_framework import serializers
​
from app01.models import Book, Publish
​
​
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = ['name', 'price', 'publish', 'authors', 'publish_detail', 'author_list']
        extra_kwargs = {
            "publish": {"write_only": True},
            "authors": {"write_only": True},
            "publish_detail": {"read_only": True},
            "author_list": {"read_only": True},
        }
​
​
class PublishSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Publish
        fields = "__all__"    
        
        
# 路由 urls.py
​
from django.urls import path, include
from .views import BookView, PublishView
urlpatterns = [
    path('books/', BookView.as_view({"get": "list", "post": "create"})),
    path('books/<int:pk>/', BookView.as_view({"get": "retrieve", "put": "update", "delete": "destroy"})),
]
        

【2】自动注册路由方法

• drf提供了两个视图类，实现不用映射，直接通过类 实例化得到对象方式，自动注册路由

from django.urls import path, include
from .views import BookView, PublishView
​
# 导入类
from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter,DefaultRouter
​
# 实例化得到对象
router = DefaultRouter()
​
# 自动生成路由
router.register("books", BookView, "books")
# 上面的自动映射命令等于下面两行映射代码
# path('books/', BookView.as_view({"get": "list", "post": "create"})),
# path('books/<int:pk>/', BookView.as_view({"get": "retrieve", "put": "update", "delete": "destroy"})),
router.register("publish", PublishView, "publish")
# 继承ModelViewSet后路由就变了,需要映射
urlpatterns = [
    # 把自动生成的路由，注册进总路由
    # 方式一：
    path('', include(router.urls)),
]
# 方式二：
# urlpatterns和router.urls都是列表，这行代码将router.urls列表添加到urlpatterns列表中
urlpatterns += router.urls

【3】SimpleRouter和DefaultRouter区别

• DefaultRouter不会直接报错，会生成一个根路径进行提示可前往的路由

【4】继承了ViewSetMixin ，视图类中可以定义跟请求方式不同名的方法

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet, ViewSet
from .models import Book, Publish
from .serializer import BookSerializer, PublishSerializer
from rest_framework.decorators import action
​
​
class BookView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
​
    # 装饰器
    # get请求 http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/books/login/
    @action(methods=['GET'], detail=False)
    def login(self, request):
        print("登录成功")
        return Response({"code": 200, 'msg': "登录成功"})
​
​
class PublishView(ViewSet):
    queryset = Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PublishSerializer
​
    # 使用get请求 http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/publish/send_sms/
    @action(methods=['GET'], detail=False)
    def send_sms(self, request):
        print("发送短信成功")
        return Response({"code": 200, 'msg': "发送短信成功"})

【5】action参数

methods=请求方式，可以有多个, 
detail=False或True,  False: api/v1/books/login/  True: api/v1/books/4/login/ 会带pk值 用的少
url_path=None # 路径名字，不写默认以方法名，如果 url_path=aa ---》api/v1/books/aa/
url_name=None # 反向解析用，不用了

【6】在视图类对象中，有action参数，就是方法名的字符串

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet, ViewSet
from .models import Book, Publish
from .serializer import BookSerializer, PublishSerializer
from rest_framework.decorators import action
​
class BookView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
​
    def get_serializer_class(self):
        if self.action == 'list' or self.action == 'create':
            return BookSerializer
        elif self.action == 'retrieve' or self.action == 'destroy' or self.action == 'update':
            return PublishSerializer
        elif self.action == "login":
            return BookSerializer
​
    # 装饰器
    # get请求 http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/books/login/
    @action(methods=['GET'], detail=False)
    def login(self, request):
        print("登录成功")
        return Response({"code": 200, 'msg': "登录成功"})