[AS2.3.3]安卓6.0动态权限管理简单工具类

最新推荐文章于 2023-01-16 22:18:02 发布

GaoJiaNan2016

最新推荐文章于 2023-01-16 22:18:02 发布

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分类专栏：程序日记文章标签： android studio 6.0 动态权限

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/g777520/article/details/78485734

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关于动态管理权限说明：

官方6.0之后对权限进行了一些设置，导致6.0以上的安卓手机在获取部分权限的时候需要动态申请！

下面来说下

需要动态申请9组权限

（注：以下9组权限，只要每组中获取组中的一个权限，就可以认为是获取了该组全部权限）

    //联系人权限
    group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS
    permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
    permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
    permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS

    //手机状态权限
    group:android.permission-group.PHONE
    permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
    permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
    permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE
    permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
    permission:android.permission.USE_SIP
    permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
    permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL

    //日历权限
    group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR
    permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
    permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR

    //相机权限
    group:android.permission-group.CAMERA
    permission:android.permission.CAMERA

    //传感器权限
    group:android.permission-group.SENSORS
    permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS

    //定位权限
    group:android.permission-group.LOCATION
    permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
    permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION

    //SD卡权限
    group:android.permission-group.STORAGE
    permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
    permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

    //麦克相关权限
    group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE
    permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO

    //短信权限
    group:android.permission-group.SMS
    permission:android.permission.READ_SMS
    permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
    permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
    permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
    permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS
    permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS

基础权限

其余的是原来的基础权限

  android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS
  android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
  android.permission.ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY
  android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE
  android.permission.ACCESS_WIMAX_STATE
  android.permission.BLUETOOTH
  android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN
  android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY
  android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE
  android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE
  android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE
  android.permission.CHANGE_WIMAX_STATE
  android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD
  android.permission.EXPAND_STATUS_BAR
  android.permission.FLASHLIGHT
  android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
  android.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZE
  android.permission.INTERNET
  android.permission.KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES
  android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS
  android.permission.NFC
  android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS
  android.permission.READ_SYNC_STATS
  android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED
  android.permission.REORDER_TASKS
  android.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES
  android.permission.SET_TIME_ZONE
  android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER
  android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS
  android.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_READ
  android.permission.TRANSMIT_IR
  android.permission.USE_FINGERPRINT
  android.permission.VIBRATE
  android.permission.WAKE_LOCK
  android.permission.WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS
  com.android.alarm.permission.SET_ALARM
  com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT
  com.android.launcher.permission.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT

关于一个基础权限 android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS

这个权限，在使用 api 23开发环境 开发的时候

默认写在AndroidManifest.xml 清单文件中，如果是用debug运行的项目，是获取不到这个权限的，即如果使用到这个权限，会报错这个权限未授权。

只能用打了签名，即release的才能获取到权限。

这个问题我查了下属于官方开发环境的bug，官方在7.0开发环境（api25）之后修复了这个bug。

所以用api23开发环境的时候注意下这个问题就好了。

首先是官方demo

官方权限demo

然后说明下权限申请过程

1.判断权限是否获取

ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity,permission)

返回的结果有两个

PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED 权限允许

PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED 权限拒绝

2.获取权限

ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, permissions, code);

3.在反馈中判断用户是否获取权限

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,
                                           @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
    }

在反馈中判断用户点击的权限是否获取或者拒绝，其实就在这个反馈中在判断一次权限是否获取

还有一个方法就是是否显示权限说明

ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity, permission)

这个是当被拒绝的时候可以调用下。不过目前安卓系统太多，例如小米的系统导致这个方法一直返回的都是false 所以这边就提及下就好了

然后我们开始进行权限获取

第一记得把权限先都写到清单文件中

例如我在一个activity中获取相机权限

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        ...
        
        if(ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,Manifest.permission.CAMERA)
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA},0);
        }else{
            //权限以获取 进行下一步
        }
    }

然后再onRequestPermissionsResult方法中判断回调

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,
                                           @NonNull int[] grantResults) {

        if (requestCode == 0){
            //由于只有一个权限 所以这边可以直接获取第一个就好了
            if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                //被用户允许  进行下一步
            }else{
                //被用户拒绝  进行后续逻辑
                //如 打开软件设置让用户自己设置
                Intent intent = new Intent();
                intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
                intent.setAction("android.settings.APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS");
                intent.setData(Uri.fromParts("package", getPackageName(), null));
                startActivity(intent);
            }
        }
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
    }

上面就是一个简单的申请过程

流程特别的简单

先判断权限是否获取未获取去申请权限在等反馈告知用户是否同意权限

基于以上写了一个简单的工具类

PermissionUtils.class

import android.Manifest;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * PermissionUtils
 * Author: gjn.
 * Time: 2017/11/3.
 */

public class PermissionUtils {

    private static final String TAG = "PermissionUtils";

    public static final int CODE_CALENDAR = 0;      //日历权限
    public static final int CODE_CAMERA = 1;        //相机权限
    public static final int CODE_CONTACTS = 2;      //联系人权限
    public static final int CODE_LOCATION = 3;      //定位权限
    public static final int CODE_MICROPHONE = 4;    //麦克相关权限
    public static final int CODE_PHONE = 5;         //手机状态权限
    public static final int CODE_SENSORS = 6;       //传感器权限
    public static final int CODE_SMS = 7;           //短信权限
    public static final int CODE_STORAGE = 8;       //SD卡权限
    public static final int CODE_MULTI = 111;       //多个权限

    public static final String PERMISSION_READ_CALENDAR = Manifest.permission.READ_CALENDAR;
    public static final String PERMISSION_CAMERA = Manifest.permission.CAMERA;
    public static final String PERMISSION_WRITE_CONTACTS = Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS;
    public static final String PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION;
    public static final String PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO = Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO;
    public static final String PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE = Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE;
    public static final String PERMISSION_BODY_SENSORS = Manifest.permission.BODY_SENSORS;
    public static final String PERMISSION_READ_SMS = Manifest.permission.READ_SMS;
    public static final String PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;

    public static final Map<Integer, String> codePermissions = new HashMap<>();

    static {
        codePermissions.put(CODE_CALENDAR, "日历权限");
        codePermissions.put(CODE_CAMERA, "相机权限");
        codePermissions.put(CODE_CONTACTS, "联系人权限");
        codePermissions.put(CODE_LOCATION, "定位权限");
        codePermissions.put(CODE_MICROPHONE, "麦克相关权限");
        codePermissions.put(CODE_PHONE, "手机状态权限");
        codePermissions.put(CODE_SENSORS, "传感器权限");
        codePermissions.put(CODE_SMS, "短信权限");
        codePermissions.put(CODE_STORAGE, "SD卡权限");
        codePermissions.put(CODE_MULTI, "多个权限");
    }

    public interface PermissionCallBack {
        void onSuccess(int code);

        void onFaile(int code);

        void onConsumer(int code);
    }

    /**
     * 判断是否需要获取权限
     * @param activity
     * @param code
     * @param permissions
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean requestPermissions(Activity activity, int code, String... permissions){
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 23) {
            Log.d(TAG, "api < 23");
            return false;
        }
        List<String> notGranted = new ArrayList<>();

        for (String permission : permissions) {
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, permission)
                    != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                notGranted.add(permission);
            }
        }

        if (notGranted.size() != 0){
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity,
                    notGranted.toArray(new String[notGranted.size()]), code);
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * 判断是否需要获取权限
     * @param activity
     * @param code
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean requestPermissions(Activity activity, Integer... code){
        List<String> permissions = new ArrayList<>();
        List<Integer> codes = Arrays.asList(code);
        //日历权限
        if (codes.contains(CODE_CALENDAR)) {
            permissions.add(PERMISSION_READ_CALENDAR);
        }
        //相机权限
        if (codes.contains(CODE_CAMERA)) {
            permissions.add(PERMISSION_CAMERA);
        }
        //联系人权限
        if (codes.contains(CODE_CONTACTS)) {
            permissions.add(PERMISSION_WRITE_CONTACTS);
        }
        //定位权限
        if (codes.contains(CODE_LOCATION)) {
            permissions.add(PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
        }
        //麦克相关权限
        if (codes.contains(CODE_MICROPHONE)) {
            permissions.add(PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO);
        }
        //手机状态权限
        if (codes.contains(CODE_PHONE)) {
            permissions.add(PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE);
        }
        //传感器权限
        if (codes.contains(CODE_SENSORS)) {
            permissions.add(PERMISSION_BODY_SENSORS);
        }
        //短信权限
        if (codes.contains(CODE_SMS)) {
            permissions.add(PERMISSION_READ_SMS);
        }
        //SD卡权限
        if (codes.contains(CODE_STORAGE)) {
            permissions.add(PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
        }

        if (permissions.size() == 0){
            return false;
        }

        return requestPermissions(activity,CODE_MULTI,
                permissions.toArray(new String[permissions.size()]));
    }

    public static void requestPermissionsResult(Activity activity, int requestCode,
                                                String[] permissions, int[] grantResults,
                                                PermissionCallBack callBack){
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 23) {
            Log.d(TAG, "api < 23");
            return;
        }
        List<String> notGranted = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < grantResults.length; i++) {
            if (grantResults[i] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                notGranted.add(permissions[i]);
            }
        }

        if (notGranted.size() != 0) {
            StringBuilder notGrantedString = new StringBuilder();
            notGrantedString.append("被拒绝权限：\n");
            for (String s : notGranted) {
                notGrantedString.append(s+"\n");
            }
            notGrantedString.append("请进入 软件设置 -> 权限管理 中获取");
            showPermissionDialog(activity, notGrantedString.toString(),
                    new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                        @Override
                        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                            startAppSettingIntent(activity);
                            callBack.onConsumer(requestCode);
                        }
                    }, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                        @Override
                        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                            callBack.onFaile(requestCode);
                        }
                    });
        }else{
            callBack.onSuccess(requestCode);
        }
    }

    public static void startAppSettingIntent(Activity activity) {
        Toast.makeText(activity, "获取权限之后,请重启软件!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        Intent intent = new Intent();
        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
        intent.setAction("android.settings.APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS");
        intent.setData(Uri.fromParts("package", activity.getPackageName(), null));
        activity.startActivity(intent);
    }

    public static void showPermissionDialog(Activity activity, String message,
                                     DialogInterface.OnClickListener oklistener,
                                     DialogInterface.OnClickListener canclelistener) {
        new AlertDialog.Builder(activity)
                .setTitle("帮助")
                .setMessage(message)
                .setCancelable(false)
                .setPositiveButton("获取", oklistener)
                .setNegativeButton("退出", canclelistener)
                .create()
                .show();
    }

}

使用

        if(!PermissionUtils.requestPermissions(mActivity,
                PermissionUtils.CODE_CAMERA,
                PermissionUtils.CODE_PHONE,
                PermissionUtils.CODE_STORAGE)){
            //权限已经获取 直接下一步
            
        }

然后再反馈中加入反馈就好了

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,
                                           @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        PermissionUtils.requestPermissionsResult(mActivity, requestCode,
                permissions, grantResults, new PermissionUtils.PermissionCallBack() {
                    @Override
                    public void onSuccess(int code) {
                        Log.e("-s-", "成功"+code);
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onFaile(int code) {
                        Log.e("-s-", "失败"+code);
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onConsumer(int code) {
                        Log.e("-s-", "自定义"+code);
                    }
                });

        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
    }

以上就是一个简单的6.0动态权限获取工具类

最后还是要说一下 记得在清单文件先写入权限