基于jQuery的AJAX和JSON实现纯html数据模板

通过jQuery内置的AJAX功能，直接访问后台获得JSON格式的数据，然后通过jQuer把数据绑定到事先设计好的html模板上，直接在页面上显示。

我们先来看一下html模板：

             < table  id ="datas"  border ="1"  cellspacing ="0"  style ="border-collapse: collapse" >
                 < tr >
                     < th >
                        订单ID </ th >
                     < th >
                        客户ID </ th >
                     < th >
                        雇员ID </ th >
                     < th >
                        订购日期 </ th >
                     < th >
                        发货日期 </ th >
                     < th >
                        货主名称 </ th >
                     < th >
                        货主地址 </ th >
                     < th >
                        货主城市 </ th >
                     < th >
                        更多信息 </ th >
                 </ tr >
                 < tr  id ="template" >
                     < td  id ="OrderID" >
                     </ td >
                     < td  id ="CustomerID" >
                     </ td >
                     < td  id ="EmployeeID" >
                     </ td >
                     < td  id ="OrderDate" >
                     </ td >
                     < td  id ="ShippedDate" >
                     </ td >
                     < td  id ="ShippedName" >
                     </ td >
                     < td  id ="ShippedAddress" >
                     </ td >
                     < td  id ="ShippedCity" >
                     </ td >
                     < td  id ="more" >
                     </ td >
                 </ tr >
             </ table >

  

        一定要注意的就是里面所有的id属性，这个是一个关键。再来看一下AJAX请求和绑定数据的代码。

        $.ajax( ... {
            type: "get",//使用get方法访问后台
            dataType: "json",//返回json格式的数据
            url: "BackHandler.ashx",//要访问的后台地址
            data: "pageIndex=" + pageIndex,//要发送的数据
            complete :function()...{$("#load").hide();},//AJAX请求完成时隐藏loading提示
            success: function(msg)...{//msg为返回的数据，在这里做数据绑定
                var data = msg.table;
                $.each(data, function(i, n)...{
                    var row = $("#template").clone();
                    row.find("#OrderID").text(n.订单ID);
                    row.find("#CustomerID").text(n.客户ID);
                    row.find("#EmployeeID").text(n.雇员ID);
                    row.find("#OrderDate").text(ChangeDate(n.订购日期));
                    if(n.发货日期!== undefined) row.find("#ShippedDate").text(ChangeDate(n.发货日期));
                    row.find("#ShippedName").text(n.货主名称);
                    row.find("#ShippedAddress").text(n.货主地址);
                    row.find("#ShippedCity").text(n.货主城市);
                    row.find("#more").html("<a href=OrderInfo.aspx?id=" + n.订单ID + "&pageindex="+pageIndex+">&nbsp;More</a>");                    
                    row.attr("id","ready");//改变绑定好数据的行的id
                    row.appendTo("#datas");//添加到模板的容器中
                });

        这个是jQuery的AJAX方法，返回数据并不复杂，主要说明一下怎么把数据按模板的定义显示到到页面上。首先是这个“var row = $("#template").clone();”先把模板复制一份，接下来row.find("#OrderID").text(n.订单ID);，表示找到id=OrderID的标记，设置它的innerText为相应的数据，当然也可以设置为html格式的数据。或者是通过外部的函数把数据转换成需要的格式，比如这里row.find("#OrderDate").text(ChangeDate(n.订购日期));有点服务器控件做模板绑定数据的感觉。

       

        所有的这些，都是放在一个静态的页面里，只通过AJAX方法从后台获取数据，所有html代码如下：

<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" >
< html  xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
< head >
     < title > test1 </ title >

     < script  language ="javascript"  type ="text/javascript"  src ="js/jquery-latest.pack.js" ></ script >

     < script  language ="javascript"  type ="text/javascript"  src ="js/PageDate.js" ></ script >

</ head >
< body >
     < div >
         &nbsp; < div >
             < br  />
             < input  id ="first"  type ="button"  value ="  <<  "   />< input  id ="previous"  type ="button"
                value ="  <  "   />< input  id ="next"  type ="button"  value ="  >  "   />< input  id ="last"  type ="button"
                    value ="  >>  "   />
             &nbsp; < span  id ="pageinfo" ></ span >
             < table  id ="datas"  border ="1"  cellspacing ="0"  style ="border-collapse: collapse" >
                 < tr >
                     < th >
                        订单ID </ th >
                     < th >
                        客户ID </ th >
                     < th >
                        雇员ID </ th >
                     < th >
                        订购日期 </ th >
                     < th >
                        发货日期 </ th >
                     < th >
                        货主名称 </ th >
                     < th >
                        货主地址 </ th >
                     < th >
                        货主城市 </ th >
                     < th >
                        更多信息 </ th >
                 </ tr >
                 < tr  id ="template" >
                     < td  id ="OrderID" >
                     </ td >
                     < td  id ="CustomerID" >
                     </ td >
                     < td  id ="EmployeeID" >
                     </ td >
                     < td  id ="OrderDate" >
                     </ td >
                     < td  id ="ShippedDate" >
                     </ td >
                     < td  id ="ShippedName" >
                     </ td >
                     < td  id ="ShippedAddress" >
                     </ td >
                     < td  id ="ShippedCity" >
                     </ td >
                     < td  id ="more" >
                     </ td >
                 </ tr >
             </ table >
         </ div >
         < div  id ="load"  style ="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; background-color: red" >
            LOADING....
         </ div >
         < input  type ="hidden"  id ="pagecount"   />
     </ div >
</ body >
</ html >

    PageData.js 就是包括上面AJAX请求和绑定数据代码的js，整个页面连form都不用，这样做有什么好处呢。再看下面一个模板

             < ul  id ="datas" >
                 < li  id ="template" >
                     < span  id ="OrderID" >
                        fsdfasdf
                     </ span >
                     < span  id ="CustomerID" >
                     </ span >
                     < span  id ="EmployeeID" >
                     </ span >
                     < span  id ="OrderDate" >
                     </ span >
                     < span  id ="ShippedDate" >
                     </ span >
                     < span  id ="ShippedName" >
                     </ span >
                     < span  id ="ShippedAddress" >
                     </ span >
                     < span  id ="ShippedCity" >
                     </ span >
                     < span  id ="more" >
                     </ span >
                 </ li >
             </ ul >

 

 

把datatable直接序列化为json:

用Newtonsoft.Json.dll进行json序列化，这个从json的官网上就可以找到，使用比较方便。

，然后用StringBuilder来构造成JSON格式也不是很复杂。函数代码如下：

     private   string  DataTable2Json(DataTable dt)
     ... {
        StringBuilder jsonBuilder = new StringBuilder();
        jsonBuilder.Append("{/"");
        jsonBuilder.Append(dt.TableName);
        jsonBuilder.Append("/":[");
        for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count; i++)
        ...{
            jsonBuilder.Append("{");
            for (int j = 0; j < dt.Columns.Count; j++)
            ...{
                jsonBuilder.Append("/"");
                jsonBuilder.Append(dt.Columns[j].ColumnName);
                jsonBuilder.Append("/":/"");
                jsonBuilder.Append(dt.Rows[i][j].ToString());
                jsonBuilder.Append("/",");
            }
            jsonBuilder.Remove(jsonBuilder.Length - 1, 1);
            jsonBuilder.Append("},");
        }
        jsonBuilder.Remove(jsonBuilder.Length - 1, 1);
        jsonBuilder.Append("]");
        jsonBuilder.Append("}");
        return jsonBuilder.ToString();
    }

这一行“jsonBuilder.Remove(jsonBuilder.Length - 1, 1);”是为了去掉最后一个多于的逗号，当然这个函数不能操作比较包含复杂数据类型的DataTable