与afreez一起学习DirectFB之：一个linux下的framebuffer例子的学问

摘要：

通过一个一个framebuffer例子，复习了内存分配的应用。其中的framebuffer例子为网上流行的（确实有bug的），在编译运行的过程中又重新温习了好多差不多已经被遗忘的知识点，写出来和大家分享！
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声明：
       此文为原创，欢迎转载，转载请保留如下信息
       作者：聂飞（afreez）
       联系方式：afreez@sina.com （欢迎与作者交流）
       初次发布时间：2006-06-08
      不经本人同意，不得用语商业或赢利性质目的，否则，作者有权追究相关责任！
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例子实现了直接写屏的功能，即把屏幕清空（变黑），程序的流程大致为：打开一个FrameBuffer设备；通过mmap调用把显卡的物理内存空间映射到用户空间；通过映射关系直接写内存。

 

头文件

fbtools.h

---

#ifndef _FBTOOLS_H_

#define _FBTOOLS_H_

 

#include <linux/fb.h>

 

//a framebuffer device structure;

typedef struct fbdev{

               int fb;

               unsigned long fb_mem_offset;

               unsigned long fb_mem;

               struct fb_fix_screeninfo fb_fix;

               struct fb_var_screeninfo fb_var;

               char dev[20];

} FBDEV, *PFBDEV;

 

//open & init a frame buffer

//to use this function,

//you must set FBDEV.dev="/dev/fb0"

//or "/dev/fbX"

//it's your frame buffer.

int fb_open(PFBDEV pFbdev);

 

//close a frame buffer

int fb_close(PFBDEV pFbdev);

 

//get display depth

int get_display_depth(PFBDEV pFbdev);

 

 

//full screen clear

void fb_memset(void *addr, int c, size_t len);

 

#endif

---

 

测试文件，其中深颜色的注释部分为在我机器上测得的结果

fbtools.c

代码:

---

 

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <fcntl.h>

#include <unistd.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <sys/ioctl.h>

#include <sys/mman.h>

#include <asm/page.h>

 

#include "fbtools.h"

 

#define TRUE          1

#define FALSE         0

#define MAX(x,y)        ((x)>(y)?(x):(y))

#define MIN(x,y)        ((x)<(y)?(x):(y))

 

//open & init a frame buffer

int fb_open(PFBDEV pFbdev)

{

               pFbdev->fb = open(pFbdev->dev, O_RDWR);// pFbdev->fb==3

               if(pFbdev->fb < 0)

               {

                               printf("Error opening %s: %m. Check kernel config/n", pFbdev->dev);

                               return FALSE;

               }

               if (-1 == ioctl(pFbdev->fb,FBIOGET_VSCREENINFO,&(pFbdev->fb_var)))

               {

                               printf("ioctl FBIOGET_VSCREENINFO/n");

                               return FALSE;

               }

               if (-1 == ioctl(pFbdev->fb,FBIOGET_FSCREENINFO,&(pFbdev->fb_fix)))

               {

                               printf("ioctl FBIOGET_FSCREENINFO/n");

                               return FALSE;

               }

              

               //map physics address to virtual address

               // pFbdev->fb_fix.smem_start=f0000000

               pFbdev->fb_mem_offset = (unsigned long)(pFbdev->fb_fix.smem_start) & (~PAGE_MASK);

// pFbdev->fb_fix.smem_len=100 0000 pFbdev->fb_mem_offset=0

// pFbdev->fb_mem =0

               pFbdev->fb_mem = (unsigned long int)mmap(NULL, pFbdev->fb_fix.smem_len +

                                          pFbdev->fb_mem_offset,

                               PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, pFbdev->fb, 0);

               if ( -1L == (long) pFbdev->fb_mem)

               {

                               printf("mmap error! mem:%d offset:%d/n", pFbdev->fb_mem,

                                                      pFbdev->fb_mem_offset);

                               return FALSE;

               }

              

               return TRUE;

}

 

//close frame buffer

int fb_close(PFBDEV pFbdev)

{

               close(pFbdev->fb);

               pFbdev->fb=-1;

}

 

//get display depth

int get_display_depth(PFBDEV pFbdev);

{

               if(pFbdev->fb<=0)

               {

                               printf("fb device not open, open it first/n");

                               return FALSE;

               }

               return pFbdev->fb_var.bits_per_pixel;

}

 

//full screen clear

void fb_memset (void *addr, int c, size_t len)

{

    memset(addr, c, len);

}

 

//use by test

#define DEBUG

#ifdef DEBUG

main()

{

               FBDEV fbdev;

               memset(&fbdev, 0, sizeof(FBDEV));

               strcpy(fbdev.dev, "/dev/fb0");

               if(fb_open(&fbdev)==FALSE)

               {

                               printf("open frame buffer error/n");

                               return;

               }

               //注意，下面一行有bug

               fb_memset(fbdev.fb_mem + fbdev.fb_mem_offset, 0, fbdev.fb_fix.smem_len);

              

               fb_close(&fbdev);

}

#endif

---

编译

如果对上述代码直接进行编译的话，是不能成功的，即会出现类似下面的编译错误

#gcc –o fbtools fbtools.c

fbtools.c: In function `main`

fbtools.c:89:warning:passing arg 1 of `fb_memset` makes pointer from integer without a cast

 

对有问题的fbtools.c中的第89行代码（即加粗的有注释的那一行）进行如下操作

修改为：

fb_memset((void *)(fbdev.fb_mem+fbdev.fb_mem_offset), 0, fbdev.fb_fix.smem_len);

或者

unsigned long temp;

temp= fbdev.fb_mem+fbdev.fb_mem_offset;

fb_memset((void *)temp, 0, fbdev.fb_fix.smem_len);

 

可以成功编译成功

 

而修改为：

fb_memset((&)(fbdev.fb_mem+fbdev.fb_mem_offset), 0, fbdev.fb_fix.smem_len);

或者

unsigned long temp;

temp= fbdev.fb_mem+fbdev.fb_mem_offset;

fb_memset((&)temp, 0, fbdev.fb_fix.smem_len);

 

会输出：段错误

 

分析

函数原形为：void fb_memset (void *addr, int c, size_t len)

而fbtools.c:89调用时传递的参数为：

fb_memset(fbdev.fb_mem+fbdev.fb_mem_offset, 0, fbdev.fb_fix.smem_len);

fbdev.fb_mem和fbdev.fb_mem_offset都是unsigned long类型的变量，它们的计算结果保存在一个临时的栈空间，传递调用时，其临时的地址是不能够传递到被调用的函数的，所以编译是同不过的。具体的可以参考内存分配的相关知识，记得《effective c++》一书里讲的很详细，可以参考。

至于修改后的：

fb_memset((&)temp, 0, fbdev.fb_fix.smem_len);

编译出现段错误，也是很好理解的，因为(&)temp不等于(void *)temp，也不等于

(void *)(fbdev.fb_mem+fbdev.fb_mem_offset)，具体原因读者可以对照《effective c++》思考。