创建新的操作算子和效用算子

1. 创建操作算子

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

ostream& nl (ostream& os )

{

return os<<"/n";

}

 

int main()

{

cout<<"new line"<<nl<<"between"<<nl<<"new"<<nl<<"line"<<nl;

}

 

2. 创建效用算子

#include <cassert>

#include <limits>

#include <sstream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

 

class Fixw

{

string str;

public:

Fixw (const string& s, int width) : str (s,0,width) {}

friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Fixw& fx)

{

return os<<fx.str;

}

};

 

typedef unsigned long ulong;

 

class Bin

{

ulong ul;

public:

Bin (ulong nn) {ul = nn;}

friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Bin& b)

{

const ulong ULMAX = numeric_limits<ulong>::max();

ulong bit = -(ULMAX >> 1);

while(bit)

{

os<<(b.ul & bit ? '1':'0');

bit >>= 1;

}

return os;

}

};

 

int main()

{

string words = "Things that make us happy, make us wise.";

for(int i = words.size(); -- i>= 0;)

{

ostringstream s;

s << Fixw(words, i);

assert(s.str() == words.substr(0, i));

}

ostringstream xs, ys;

xs << Bin(0xCAFEBABEBEUL);

assert(xs.str() == "1100""1010""1111""1110""1011""1010""1011""1110");

ys << Bin(0x76543210UL);

assert(ys.str() == "0111""0110""0101""0100""0011""0010""0001""0000");

}