Java中如何交换两个对象

Java如何交换两个对象
转载：https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/swap-exchange-objects-java/
假设我们有一个叫Car的类，这个类中也有一些属性。我们创建Car类的两个对象，一个叫car1，另一个叫car2，那如何交换car1与car2的数据呢？

交换成员：例如，如果这个Car类只有一个整型的车号，我们可以通过交换两个车的号码来交换两个车。

// A Java program to demonstrate that we can swap two
// objects be swapping members.

// A car with number class Car
class Car
{
    int no;
    Car(int no) { this.no = no; }
}

// A class that uses Car objects
class Main
{
    // To swap c1 and c2
    public static void swap(Car c1, Car c2)
    {
        int temp = c1.no;
        c1.no = c2.no;
        c2.no = temp;
    }

    // Driver method
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Car c1 = new Car(1);
        Car c2 = new Car(2);
        swap(c1, c2);
        System.out.println("c1.no = " + c1.no);
        System.out.println("c2.no = " + c2.no);
    }
}

输出：

c1.no = 2
c2.no = 1

如果我们不知道类的成员呢？

以上方法只能是在我们直到车号这个成员的时候才能使用，如果我们不知道Car的成员或者说成员列表太多了，那咋办？这是一个十分常见的情况，一个类用到其他的类，但是又不能访问这个类的成员。看看下面这段代码能不能搞定？

// A Java program to demonstrate that simply swapping
// object references doesn't work

// A car with number and name
class Car
{
    int model, no;

    // Constructor
    Car(int model, int no)
    {
        this.model = model;
        this.no = no;
    }

    // Utility method to print Car
    void print()
    {
        System.out.println("no = " + no +
                           ", model = " + model);
    }
}

// A class that uses Car
class Main
{
    // swap() doesn't swap c1 and c2
    public static void swap(Car c1, Car c2)
    {
        Car temp = c1;
        c1 = c2;
        c2 = temp;
    }

    // Driver method
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Car c1 = new Car(101, 1);
        Car c2 = new Car(202, 2);
        swap(c1, c2);
        c1.print();
        c2.print();
    }
}

输出：

no = 1, model = 101
no = 2, model = 202

从上面的输出可以看出，对象没有交换成功。我们在前面一章讨论过在Java中参数的传递。所以当我们传给swap方法c1与c2的时候，这个方法就创建了这两个引用的副本。

用封装类（Wrapper Class）解决，如果我们建立一个封装类，这个类包含Car的引用，我们可以通过交换封装类的引用来交换这两个car。

// A Java program to demonstrate that we can use wrapper
// classes to swap to objects

// A car with model and no.
class Car
{
    int model, no;

    // Constructor
    Car(int model, int no)
    {
        this.model = model;
        this.no = no;
    }

    // Utility method to print object details
    void print()
    {
        System.out.println("no = " + no + 
                           ", model = " + model);
    }
}

// A Wrapper over class that is used for swapping
class CarWrapper
{
   Car c;

   // Constructor
   CarWrapper(Car c)   {this.c = c;}
}

// A Class that use Car and swaps objects of Car
// using CarWrapper
class Main
{
    // This method swaps car objects in wrappers
    // cw1 and cw2
    public static void swap(CarWrapper cw1, 
                            CarWrapper cw2)
    {
        Car temp = cw1.c;
        cw1.c = cw2.c;
        cw2.c = temp;
    }

    // Driver method
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Car c1 = new Car(101, 1);
        Car c2 = new Car(202, 2);
        CarWrapper cw1 = new CarWrapper(c1);
        CarWrapper cw2 = new CarWrapper(c2);
        swap(cw1, cw2);
        cw1.c.print();
        cw2.c.print();
    }
}

输出：

no = 2, model = 202
no = 1, model = 101

所以如果用户类不能访问到被交换的类的成员的时候，封装类可以解决这个问题。