浙大《面向对象程序设计--java语言》学习笔记（第五周：设计原则）

5.1 城堡游戏

最初的源代码

Game.java

package castle;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Game {
    private Room currentRoom;
        
    public Game() 
    {
        createRooms();
    }

    private void createRooms()
    {
        Room outside, lobby, pub, study, bedroom;
      
        //	制造房间
        outside = new Room("城堡外");
        lobby = new Room("大堂");
        pub = new Room("小酒吧");
        study = new Room("书房");
        bedroom = new Room("卧室");
        
        //	初始化房间的出口
        outside.setExits(null, lobby, study, pub);
        lobby.setExits(null, null, null, outside);
        pub.setExits(null, outside, null, null);
        study.setExits(outside, bedroom, null, null);
        bedroom.setExits(null, null, null, study);

        currentRoom = outside;  //	从城堡门外开始
    }

    private void printWelcome() {
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("欢迎来到城堡！");
        System.out.println("这是一个超级无聊的游戏。");
        System.out.println("如果需要帮助，请输入 'help' 。");
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("现在你在" + currentRoom);
        System.out.print("出口有：");
        if(currentRoom.northExit != null)
            System.out.print("north ");
        if(currentRoom.eastExit != null)
            System.out.print("east ");
        if(currentRoom.southExit != null)
            System.out.print("south ");
        if(currentRoom.westExit != null)
            System.out.print("west ");
        System.out.println();
    }

    // 以下为用户命令

    private void printHelp() 
    {
        System.out.print("迷路了吗？你可以做的命令有：go bye help");
        System.out.println("如：\tgo east");
    }

    private void goRoom(String direction) 
    {
        Room nextRoom = null;
        if(direction.equals("north")) {
            nextRoom = currentRoom.northExit;
        }
        if(direction.equals("east")) {
            nextRoom = currentRoom.eastExit;
        }
        if(direction.equals("south")) {
            nextRoom = currentRoom.southExit;
        }
        if(direction.equals("west")) {
            nextRoom = currentRoom.westExit;
        }

        if (nextRoom == null) {
            System.out.println("那里没有门！");
        }
        else {
            currentRoom = nextRoom;
            System.out.println("你在" + currentRoom);
            System.out.print("出口有: ");
            if(currentRoom.northExit != null)
                System.out.print("north ");
            if(currentRoom.eastExit != null)
                System.out.print("east ");
            if(currentRoom.southExit != null)
                System.out.print("south ");
            if(currentRoom.westExit != null)
                System.out.print("west ");
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
		Game game = new Game();
		game.printWelcome();

        while ( true ) {
        		String line = in.nextLine();
        		String[] words = line.split(" ");
        		if ( words[0].equals("help") ) {
        			game.printHelp();
        		} else if (words[0].equals("go") ) {
        			game.goRoom(words[1]);
        		} else if ( words[0].equals("bye") ) {
        			break;
        		}
        }
        
        System.out.println("感谢您的光临。再见！");
        in.close();
	}

}

 Room.java

package castle;

public class Room {
    public String description;
    public Room northExit;
    public Room southExit;
    public Room eastExit;
    public Room westExit;

    public Room(String description) 
    {
        this.description = description;
    }

    public void setExits(Room north, Room east, Room south, Room west) 
    {
        if(north != null)
            northExit = north;
        if(east != null)
            eastExit = east;
        if(south != null)
            southExit = south;
        if(west != null)
            westExit = west;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString()
    {
        return description;
    }
}

 5.2 消除代码复制

 这里我们先修改了这部分

 

5.3封装

 

 

 此时经过修改的两个程序

Game.java

package castle;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Game {
    private Room currentRoom;
        
    public Game() 
    {
        createRooms();
    }

    private void createRooms()
    {
        Room outside, lobby, pub, study, bedroom;
      
        //	制造房间
        outside = new Room("城堡外");
        lobby = new Room("大堂");
        pub = new Room("小酒吧");
        study = new Room("书房");
        bedroom = new Room("卧室");
        
        //	初始化房间的出口
        outside.setExits(null, lobby, study, pub);
        lobby.setExits(null, null, null, outside);
        pub.setExits(null, outside, null, null);
        study.setExits(outside, bedroom, null, null);
        bedroom.setExits(null, null, null, study);

        currentRoom = outside;  //	从城堡门外开始
    }

    private void printWelcome() {
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("欢迎来到城堡！");
        System.out.println("这是一个超级无聊的游戏。");
        System.out.println("如果需要帮助，请输入 'help' 。");
        System.out.println();
        showPrompt();
    }

    // 以下为用户命令

    private void printHelp() 
    {
        System.out.print("迷路了吗？你可以做的命令有：go bye help");
        System.out.println("如：\tgo east");
    }

    private void goRoom(String direction) 
    {
        Room nextRoom = currentRoom.getExit(direction);

        if (nextRoom == null) {
            System.out.println("那里没有门！");
        }
        else {
            currentRoom = nextRoom;
            showPrompt();
        }
    }
	
    public void showPrompt() {
        System.out.println("你在" + currentRoom);
        System.out.print("出口有: ");
        System.out.print(currentRoom.getExitDesc());
        System.out.println();
    }
    
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
		Game game = new Game();
		game.printWelcome();

        while ( true ) {
        		String line = in.nextLine();
        		String[] words = line.split(" ");
        		if ( words[0].equals("help") ) {
        			game.printHelp();
        		} else if (words[0].equals("go") ) {
        			game.goRoom(words[1]);
        		} else if ( words[0].equals("bye") ) {
        			break;
        		}
        }
        
        System.out.println("感谢您的光临。再见！");
        in.close();
	}

}

 Room.java

package castle;

public class Room {
	private String description;
    private Room northExit;
    private Room southExit;
    private Room eastExit;
    private Room westExit;

    public Room(String description) 
    {
        this.description = description;
    }

    public void setExits(Room north, Room east, Room south, Room west) 
    {
        if(north != null)
            northExit = north;
        if(east != null)
            eastExit = east;
        if(south != null)
            southExit = south;
        if(west != null)
            westExit = west;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString()
    {
        return description;
    }
    
    //这里的getExitDesc()和getExit(String direction)
    //避免了Game.java中直接使用Room.java的成员变量
    public String getExitDesc() {
    	StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
    	if(northExit != null)
    		sb.append("north ");
    	if(eastExit != null)
    		sb.append("east ");    
    	if(westExit != null)
    		sb.append("west "); 
    	if(southExit != null)
    		sb.append("south ");
    	return sb.toString();
    }
    
    public Room getExit(String direction) {
    	Room ret = null;
    	
        if(direction.equals("north")) {
            ret = northExit;
        }
        if(direction.equals("east")) {
            ret = eastExit;
        }
        if(direction.equals("south")) {
            ret = southExit;
        }
        if(direction.equals("west")) {
            ret = westExit;
        }
        
        return ret;
    }
}

 5.4 可扩展性

5.5 框架加数据

 

第一个文件Game.java

package castle;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Scanner;


public class Game {
    private Room currentRoom;
    private HashMap<String, Handler> handlers = new HashMap<String,Handler>();
    
    
    public Game() 
    {
    	//handlers.compute("go", new HandlerGo());
    	handlers.put("bye", new HandlerBye(this));
    	handlers.put("help", new HandlerHelp(this));
    	handlers.put("go", new HandlerGo(this));
    	
        createRooms();
    }

    private void createRooms()
    {
        Room outside, lobby, pub, study, bedroom;
      
        //	制造房间
        outside = new Room("城堡外");
        lobby = new Room("大堂");
        pub = new Room("小酒吧");
        study = new Room("书房");
        bedroom = new Room("卧室");
        
        //	初始化房间的出口
        outside.setExit("east", lobby);
        outside.setExit("south",study);
        outside.setExit("west", pub);
        lobby.setExit("west", outside);
        pub.setExit("east", outside);
        study.setExit("north", outside);
        study.setExit("east", bedroom);
        bedroom.setExit("west", study);
        lobby.setExit("up", pub);
        pub.setExit("down", lobby);
        
        
        currentRoom = outside;  //	从城堡门外开始
    }

    private void printWelcome() {
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("欢迎来到城堡！");
        System.out.println("这是一个超级无聊的游戏。");
        System.out.println("如果需要帮助，请输入 'help' 。");
        System.out.println();
        showPrompt();
    }

    // 以下为用户命令

    public void goRoom(String direction) 
    {
        Room nextRoom = currentRoom.getExit(direction);


        if (nextRoom == null) {
            System.out.println("那里没有门！");
        }
        else {
            currentRoom = nextRoom;
            showPrompt();
        }
    }
	
    public void showPrompt() {
        System.out.println("你在" + currentRoom);
        System.out.print("出口有: ");
        System.out.print(currentRoom.getExitDesc());
        System.out.println();
    }
    
    public void play() {
    	Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        while ( true ) {
    		String line = in.nextLine();
    		String[] words = line.split(" ");
    		Handler handler = handlers.get(words[0]);
    		String value = "";
    		if(words.length>1)
    			value = words[1];
    		
    		if(handler != null) {
    			handler.doCmd(value);
    			if(handler.isBye())
    				break;
    		}
//    		if ( words[0].equals("help") ) {
//    			printHelp();
//    		} else if (words[0].equals("go") ) {
//    			goRoom(words[1]);
//    		} else if ( words[0].equals("bye") ) {
//    			break;
//    		}
        }
        in.close();
    }
    
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Game game = new Game();
		game.printWelcome();
		game.play();


        System.out.println("感谢您的光临。再见！");
  
	}

}

Room.java

package castle;

import java.util.HashMap;

public class Room {
	private String description;
	private HashMap<String,Room> exits = new HashMap<String,Room>();

    public Room(String description) 
    {
        this.description = description;
    }
    
    public void setExit(String direction, Room room) {
    	exits.put(direction, room);
    }
   
    @Override
    public String toString()
    {
        return description;
    }
    
    //这里的getExitDesc()和getExit(String direction)
    //避免了Game.java中直接使用Room.java的成员变量
    public String getExitDesc() {
    	StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
    	for(String dir: exits.keySet()) {
    		sb.append(dir);
    		sb.append(' ');
    	}
    	return sb.toString();
    }
    
    public Room getExit(String direction) {
        return exits.get(direction);
    }
}

Handler.java

package castle;

public class Handler {
	protected Game game;
	
	public Handler(Game game) {
		this.game = game;
	}
	public void doCmd(String word) {}
	public boolean isBye() {return false;}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

	}

}

HandlerBye.java

package castle;

public class HandlerBye extends Handler {
	
	public HandlerBye(Game game) {
		super(game);
	}
	
	@Override
	public boolean isBye() {
		return true;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

	}

}

HandlerGo.java

package castle;

public class HandlerGo extends Handler {
	public HandlerGo(Game game) {
		super(game);
	}
	
	@Override
	public void doCmd(String word) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
        game.goRoom(word);
	}
	
	
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

	}

}

HandlerHelp.java

package castle;

public class HandlerHelp extends Handler {
	public HandlerHelp(Game game) {
		super(game);
	}
	
	@Override
	public void doCmd(String word) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("迷路了吗？你可以做的命令有：go bye help");
        System.out.println("如：\tgo east");
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

	}

}