Remoting: 网络通信框架,实现了sync-over-async 和 request-response 消息机制.
RPC: 一个远程过程调用的抽象,支持负载均衡、容灾和集群功能
Registry: 服务目录框架用于服务的注册和服务事件发布和订阅。
Dubbo采用全Spring配置方式,透明化接入应用,对应用没有任何API侵入,只需用Spring加载Dubbo的配置即可,Dubbo基于Spring的Schema扩展进行加载。
dubbo架构图如下所示:
节点角色说明:
Provider: 暴露服务的服务提供方。
Consumer: 调用远程服务的服务消费方。
Registry: 服务注册与发现的注册中心。
Monitor: 统计服务的调用次调和调用时间的监控中心。
Container: 服务运行容器。
调用关系说明:
0 服务容器负责启动,加载,运行服务提供者。
1. 服务提供者在启动时,向注册中心注册自己提供的服务。
2. 服务消费者在启动时,向注册中心订阅自己所需的服务。
3. 注册中心返回服务提供者地址列表给消费者,如果有变更,注册中心将基于长连接推送变更数据给消费者。
4. 服务消费者,从提供者地址列表中,基于软负载均衡算法,选一台提供者进行调用,如果调用失败,再选另一台调用。
5. 服务消费者和提供者,在内存中累计调用次数和调用时间,定时每分钟发送一次统计数据到监控中心。
2. 实例
2.1 pom.xml
首先maven项目增加dubbo的jar依赖,因为要用到zookeeper注册中心,也要依赖但是要去掉自带的log4j。
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
- <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
- <groupId>test</groupId>
- <artifactId>test</artifactId>
- <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
- <packaging>jar</packaging>
- <properties>
- <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
- <spring.version>3.1.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
- <slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
- </properties>
- <dependencies>
- <!-- dubbo -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
- <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
- <version>2.5.3</version>
- </dependency>
- <!-- zookeeper -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
- <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
- <version>3.4.6</version>
- <exclusions>
- <exclusion>
- <groupId>log4j</groupId>
- <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
- </exclusion>
- </exclusions>
- </dependency>
- <!-- Spring -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
- <version>${spring.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-asm</artifactId>
- <version>${spring.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
- <version>${spring.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
- <version>${spring.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
- <version>${spring.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
- <version>${spring.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <!-- log -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>log4j</groupId>
- <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
- <version>1.2.16</version>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
- </project>
因为要增加zookeeper的注册管理,所以如果有可用的zookeeper就用可用的zookeeper。本实例使用的zk地址是192.168.4.114:2181
2.2 dubbo-provider.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
- http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
- http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
- <!-- 提供方应用信息,用于计算依赖关系 -->
- <dubbo:application name = "hello-world-app-provider" />
- <!--zookeeper注册中心 -->
- <dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper" address="192.168.4.114:2181" />
- <!-- 用dubbo协议在20880端口暴露服务 -->
- <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880" />
- <!-- 声明需要暴露的服务接口 -->
- <dubbo:service interface="com.mt.test.DemoService" ref="demoProvideService"/>
- <!-- 具体的实现bean -->
- <bean id="demoProvideService" class="com.mt.test.DemoServiceImpl" />
- </beans>
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
- http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
- http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
- <!-- 消费方应用名,用于计算依赖关系,不是匹配条件,不要与提供方一样 -->
- <dubbo:application name="hello-world-app-consumer"/>
- <!-- 使用zookeeper注册中心暴露服务地址 -->
- <dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper" address="192.168.4.114:2181"/>
- <!-- 生成远程服务代理,可以和本地bean一样使用demoService -->
- <dubbo:reference id="demoConsumeService" interface="com.mt.test.DemoService"/>
- </beans>
2.4 DemoService.java
- package com.mt.test;
- import java.util.List;
- public interface DemoService {
- public String sayHello(String name);
- public List getUsers();
- }
- package com.mt.test;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService{
- @Override
- public String sayHello(String name) {
- return "Hello " + name;
- }
- @Override
- public List getUsers() {
- List list = new ArrayList();
- User u1 = new User();
- u1.setName("jack");
- u1.setAge(20);
- u1.setSex("男");
- User u2 = new User();
- u2.setName("tom");
- u2.setAge(21);
- u2.setSex("女");
- User u3 = new User();
- u3.setName("rose");
- u3.setAge(19);
- u3.setSex("女");
- list.add(u1);
- list.add(u2);
- list.add(u3);
- return list;
- }
- }
2.6 LuncherProvider.java
- package com.mt.test;
- import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
- import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
- public class LuncherProvider {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- LuncherProvider luncher = new LuncherProvider();
- luncher.start();
- System.in.read(); // 为保证服务一直开着,利用输入流的阻塞来模拟
- }
- public void start() {
- String configLocation = "spring/dubbo-provider.xml";
- ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(configLocation);
- String[] names = context.getBeanDefinitionNames();
- System.out.print("Beans:");
- for (String string : names)
- System.out.print(string + ",");
- System.out.println();
- }
- }
2.7 LuncherConsumer.java
- package com.mt.test;
- import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
- import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
- public class LuncherConsumer {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- LuncherConsumer luncher = new LuncherConsumer();
- luncher.start();
- }
- void start() {
- String configLocation = "spring/dubbo-consumer.xml";
- ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(configLocation);
- String[] names = context.getBeanDefinitionNames();
- System.out.print("Beans:");
- for (String string : names) {
- System.out.print(string);
- System.out.print(",");
- }
- System.out.println();
- DemoService ds = (DemoService) context.getBean("demoConsumeService");
- System.out.println(ds.sayHello("hehe"));
- System.out.println(ds.getUsers());
- }
- }
2.8 User.java
- package com.mt.test;
- import java.io.Serializable;
- //必须实现Serializable接口
- public class User implements Serializable {
- private static final long serialVersionUID = -2814022769568306965L;
- private String name;
- private Integer age;
- private String sex;
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- public Integer getAge() {
- return age;
- }
- public void setAge(Integer age) {
- this.age = age;
- }
- public String getSex() {
- return sex;
- }
- public void setSex(String sex) {
- this.sex = sex;
- }
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- return "User{" +
- "name='" + name + '\'' +
- ", age=" + age +
- ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
- '}';
- }
- }<strong>
- </strong>
运行结果:
(1)provider:
Beans:hello-world-app-provider,com.alibaba.dubbo.config.RegistryConfig,dubbo,com.mt.test.DemoService,demoProvideService,
(2)consumer:
Beans:hello-world-app-consumer,com.alibaba.dubbo.config.RegistryConfig,demoConsumeService,
Hello hehe
[User{name='jack', age=20, sex='男'}, User{name='tom', age=21, sex='女'}, User{name='rose', age=19, sex='女'}]