表一:product(商品表) | |||
pid | pname | pprice | |
1 | 手机 | 2300 | |
2 | 电脑 | 5600 | |
3 | 照相机 | 1200 | |
4 | 投影仪 | 2500 | |
表二:user(用户表) | |||
uid | uname | uage | |
1 | 李三 | 20 | |
2 | 张四 | 23 | |
3 | 赵五 | 25 | |
4 | 孙六 | 18 | |
5 | 孙悟空 | 24 | |
表三:order(订单表) | |||
opid | ouid | onumber(点单号) | |
1 | 1 | 123123 | |
1 | 2 | 112233 | |
2 | 1 | 234567 | |
2 | 5 | 787878 | |
3 | 4 | 343421 | |
3 | 5 | 909090 | |
4 | 2 | 212112 | |
4 | 1 | 343421 | |
1:查询孙姓用户的个数 | |||
2:查询年纪最大的2个用户名 | |||
3:查询李三买的商品名 | |||
4:查询购买过电脑的用户名 | |||
5:查询订单是909090对应的用户名和商品名 | |||
6:查询商品表中的最高价格的前两条数据 |
1:查询孙姓用户的个数
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `user` WHERE user.uname LIKE "孙%"
2:查询年纪最大的2个用户名
SELECT u.uname FROM user u ORDER BY u.uage DESC LIMIT 0,2
3:查询李三买的商品名
select p.pname from product p,`user` u,`order` o where u.uid = o.ouid AND p.pid = o.opid and u.uname = "李三"
4:查询购买过电脑的用户名
select u.uname from product p,`user` u,`order` o where u.uid = o.ouid AND p.pid = o.opid and p.pname = "电脑"
5:查询订单是909090对应的用户名和商品名
select u.uname,p.pname from product p,`user` u,`order` o where u.uid = o.ouid AND p.pid = o.opid and o.onumber = 321312212
6:查询商品表中的最高价格的前两条数据
SELECT * FROM product ORDER BY product.pprice DESC LIMIT 0,2
celebrity(名人) | |||
sid | sname(作者) | sage | ssex |
1 | 李白 | 34 | 男 |
2 | 杜甫 | 24 | 男 |
3 | 白居易 | 31 | 男 |
4 | 李商隐 | 40 | 女 |
5 | 苏轼 | 26 | 男 |
6 | 辛弃疾 | 22 | 男 |
summary(总结) | ||
sid | wid | sassess(名句) |
1 | 1 | 天生我材必有用 |
1 | 2 | 危乎高哉! |
6 | 8 | 明月几时有 |
3 | 6 | 乱花渐欲迷人眼 |
4 | 3 | 却话巴山夜雨时 |
5 | 7 | 大江东去 |
2 | 5 | 一览众山小 |
1 | 4 | 举头望明月 |
works(代表) | ||
wid | wwork(作品) | wdynasty(朝代) |
1 | 将进酒 | 唐代 |
2 | 蜀道难 | 唐代 |
3 | 夜雨寄北 | 唐代 |
4 | 静夜思 | 唐代 |
5 | 望岳 | 唐代 |
6 | 钱塘湖春行 | 南宋 |
7 | 念奴娇赤壁怀古 | 北宋 |
8 | 水调歌头 | 唐代 |
1:查询名人表中性别是男的作者
SELECT c.sname from celebrity c WHERE c.ssex ="男"
2:查询静夜思的作者
SELECT celebrity.sname FROM celebrity INNER JOIN summary on celebrity.sid = summary.sid INNER JOIN works on works.wid = summary.sid WHERE works.wwork = "静夜思"
3:查询李白和杜甫的年纪
SELECT c.sname ,c.sage FROM celebrity c WHERE c.sname in ("李白","杜甫")
4:查询名人表中的男女人数
SELECT c.ssex, COUNT(*) FROM celebrity c GROUP BY c.ssex
5:查询白居易写的作品名称和对应的名句
SELECT celebrity.sname,summary.sassess FROM celebrity INNER JOIN summary on celebrity.sid = summary.sid INNER JOIN works on works.wid = summary.sid WHERE celebrity.sname = "白居易"
6:查询年纪在25到30岁之间的个数
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM celebrity c WHERE c.sage<=30 AND c.sage>=25
7:查询名人表中年纪最小两条的数据信息
SELECT * FROM celebrity ORDER BY sage LIMIT 0,2
8:查询李白的作品名称,名句和年纪
SELECT celebrity.sname,summary.sassess,works.wwork FROM celebrity INNER JOIN summary on celebrity.sid = summary.sid INNER JOIN works on works.wid = summary.sid WHERE celebrity.sname = "李白"
9:将作品为望岳的朝代修改为北宋
UPDATE works SET wdynasty="北宋" WHERE wwork = "望岳"
10:新增名人表中的一个作者王维,年纪25,性别男
INSERT INTO celebrity VALUES(7,"王维",25,"男")
学生信息表S(sno,sname,age,sex), 属性为:学号,学生姓名,年龄和性别 | |||
sno | sname | age | sex |
1 | 张三 | 18 | 男 |
2 | 李四 | 20 | 女 |
3 | 王五 | 23 | 男 |
4 | 赵六 | 22 | 女 |
选课信息表SC(sno,cno,scgrade), 属性为学号,课程号和成绩 | ||
sno | cno | scgrade |
1 | 1 | 50 |
2 | 1 | 66 |
3 | 1 | 90 |
1 | 2 | 55 |
2 | 2 | 68 |
3 | 2 | 61 |
4 | 2 | 44 |
1 | 3 | 90 |
2 | 3 | 78 |
3 | 3 | 22 |
4 | 3 | 55 |
课程信息表C(cno,cname,cteacher), 属性为课程号,课程名称和任课老师 | ||
Cno | Cname | Cteacher |
1 | java | 何昊 |
2 | php | 李美军 |
3 | android | 王超 |
1:查询SC表中对应何昊老师所授课程的女生的信息 |
SELECT ss.sname,ss.age,ss.sex from studentcourse s LEFT JOIN course c on s.cno = c.Cno LEFT JOIN student ss on ss.sno = s.sno WHERE c.Cteacher = "何昊" AND ss.sex= "女"
找出没有选修过何老师的课程的所有学生的姓名 |
SELECT * FROM ( SELECT * FROM student r LEFT JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT(ss.sname) name from studentcourse s LEFT JOIN course c on s.cno = c.Cno LEFT JOIN student ss on ss.sno = s.sno WHERE c.Cteacher = "何昊") e ON r.sname = e.name ) q WHERE q.`name` = null
列出有不及格课程(成绩小于60)的学生的姓名 |
SELECT DISTINCT(s.sname) FROM student s,studentcourse ss WHERE s.sno=ss.sno AND ss.scgrade<60
多表设计
1. 一对一
一张表的一条记录一定只能与另外一张表的一条记录进行对应,反之亦然。
有时候,为了业务,或者避免一张表中数据量过大,过复杂,在开发中会进行一对一方式来设计表。
2一对多(1方建主表(id为主键字段), 多方建外键字段)7.
指的是一个实体的某个数据与另外一个实体的多个数据有关联关系, 一对多的关系在设计的时候,需要设计表的外键
1.1. 班级表和学生表设计
部门表和员工表设计
1.2. 创建数据库表
constraint 约束
foreign key就是表与表之间的某种约定的关系,由于这种关系的存在,能够让表与表之间的数据,更加的完整,关连性更强。
foreign key语句的式例:FOREIGN KEY(Sno) REFERENCES Student(Sno)
附:表的外键必须是另一张表的主键
create table class(id int primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20));
create table student(id int primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20),sex varchar(20),class_id int,constraint foreign key(class_id) references class(id));
insert into class values(1,'ceshiban');
insert into class values(2,'kaifa');
insert into student values(1,'zhangsan','nan',1);
insert into student values(2,'lisi','nan',2);
insert into student values(3,'jingjing','nan',2);
select * from student where class_id=(select id from class where id=2);
补一个外键的概念(默认是约束): 删除主键信息时,当该主键字段值在外键表中存在时,该记录是不能删除的。---要把外键表是的相关信息删除之后,才能删除。
3、多对多( 3个表= 2个实体表 + 1个关系表 )
一个实体的数据对应另外一个实体的多个数据,另外实体的数据也同样对应当前实体的多个数据。
一个学生可以有多个老师,一个老师可以教多个学生
解决方案:创建一个中间表,专门用来维护多表之间的对应关系,通常是能够唯一标识出数据的字段(主键)
create table teacher(id int primary key,name varchar(100));
create table student (id int primary key,name varchar(100));
create table teacher_student(teacher_id int,student_id int,constraint foreign key(teacher_id) references teacher(id),constraint foreign key(student_id) references student(id));
insert into teacher values(1,'梁老师');
insert into teacher values(2,'李老师');
insert into student values(1,”张三”);
insert into student values(2,”李四”);
insert into teacher_student values(1,1);
insert into teacher_student values(1,2);
insert into teacher_student values(2,1);
insert into teacher_student values(2,2);
查询李老师所教的学生
select id from teacher where name=’李老师’
select student_id from teacher_student where teacher_id=id
select * from student where id in(select student_id from teacher_student where teacher_id =(select id from teacher where name='李老师'));
查询张三的所有老师
select * from teacher where id in(select teacher_id from teacher_student where student_id=(select id from student where name='张三'));
4. 连接查询
1. 初始定义表结构
create table customer(id int primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20),city varchar(20));
create table orders(id int primary key auto_increment,good_name varchar(20),price float(8,2),customer_id int);
insert into customer (name,city) values('李老师','东北');
insert into customer (name,city) values('崔老师','山西');
insert into customer (name,city) values('张老师','内蒙');
insert into customer (name,city) values('闫老师','天津');
insert into orders(good_name,price,customer_id) values('电脑',59,1);
insert into orders(good_name,price,customer_id) values('笔记本',88,2);
insert into orders(good_name,price,customer_id) values('吹风机',99,1);
insert into orders(good_name,price,customer_id) values('香水',300,3);
insert into orders(good_name,price,customer_id) values('牛奶',100,6);
2. 交叉查询
交叉查询,又叫笛卡尔积查询,会将左表和右表的信息,做一个乘积将所有信息查询出来,会产生临时表,比较占用内存,生成的记录数=表1 X表2
select * from customer,orders;
select * from customer cross join orders;
3. 内连接查询
内连接,inner join on 查询两张表,设定条件,将两张表中对应的数据查询出来
不会产生笛卡尔积,不会产生临时表,性能高
select * from customer c inner join orders o on c.id=o.customer_id;
select * from customer,orders where customer.id=orders.customer_id;
select * from customer c,orders o where c.id=o.customer_id;
4. 左外连接
左外连接 left join on 设定条件,将两张表对应的数据查询出来,同时将左表自己没有关联的数据也查询出来
注意:join前面是左,后面是右
select * from customer c left join orders o on c.id=o.customer_id;
5. 右外连接
右外连接 right join on 设定条件,将两张表对应的数据查询出来,同时将右表自己没有关联的所有数据查询出来
select * from customer c right join orders o on c.id=o.customer_id;
6. 联合查询
select * from customer left join orders on customer.id=orders.customer_id
having price>20;
区别
left join (左边为主表,右边有则填充,没有用null)
right join(右边为主表,左边有则填充,没有用null)