JavaWeb-----Servlet介绍和应用

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什么是Servlet

一个简单的Servlet

public class helloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.println("hello servlet");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

	<servlet>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.govd.servlet.helloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/s1</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

servlet原理

映射Mapping

servletContext

public class helloservlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        this.getInitParameter(); //获取初始化参数
//        this.getServletConfig(); //获取servlet配置
//        this.getServletContext() //获取servlet上下文
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        servletContext.setAttribute("username","govd");
    }
    
 	@Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

public class getServlet extends helloServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String username =(String) servletContext.getAttribute("username");
        resp.setHeader("Content-Type","text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.getWriter().println("你好"+username);

    }
    
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

ServletContext应用

获取初始化参数

请求转发

请求转发：请求转发相当于请外包，将请求发给/s3完成，但还是在本url页面呈现
重定位：（我做不了，你找别人吧），转到别的url（页面）

public class servletDispatch extends helloservlet{
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        //RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = servletContext.getRequestDispatcher("/s3");  请求转发的路径
        //requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp);                    调用forward实现请求转发
        servletContext.getRequestDispatcher("/s3").forward(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

读取资源文件

配置文件

driver=com.jdbc.mysql.driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbcstudy?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false
username=root
password=123456

获取配置信息

public class getproperties extends helloservlet{
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        InputStream in = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(in);

        String username = properties.getProperty("username");
        String password = properties.getProperty("password");
        resp.getWriter().println(username+":"+password);
    }
    
	 @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}