Cookie:
一、Cookie的概念
1.服务器可以向客户端写内容2.只能是文本内容
3.客户端可以阻止服务器写入
4.只能拿自己WebApp写入的内容
5.Cookie分为两种:a.属于窗口/子窗口的;b.属于文本的。
6.一个servlet/jsp设置的cookie能够被同一路径下面或者子路径下面的servlet/jsp读到(路径=URL)(路径 !=真实文件路径)
二、创建Cookie的示例代码
创建cookie的代码:cookie = new Cookie("cookie_name","cookie_value");
cookie.setMaxAge(3600);//不设置的话,cookie写在内存里,窗口关闭,该cookie就失效了。
resp.addCookie(cookie);
拿到cookie的代码:
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();
cookies[0].getName();
cookies[0].getValue();
三、Cookie路径试验
<url-pattern>/servlet/TestCookies</url-pattern> //设置cookie<url-pattern>/servlet/ShowCookies</url-pattern> //拿cookie,可以拿到
<url-pattern>/TestCookies</url-pattern> //设置cookie
<url-pattern>/servlet/ShowCookies</url-pattern> //拿cookie,可以拿到
<url-pattern>/servlet/TestCookies</url-pattern> //设置cookie
<url-pattern>/ShowCookies</url-pattern> //拿cookie,不可以拿到
Session:
一、Session的概念和规则
Session是记录在服务器端的,并且把session-id写在临时cookie中。在某段时间一连串客户端与服务器端的“交易”
在jsp/servlet中如果浏览器不支持cookie,可以通过URL重写来实现,就是将一些额外数据追加到表示会话的每个URL末尾,服务器在该标示符与其存储的有关的该会话的数据之间建立关联。
可以通过程序来终止一个会话。如果客户端在一定时间内没有操作,服务器会自动终止会话。
通过HttpSession来读写Session(地址栏传送Session)
规则:
如果浏览器支持Cookie,创建Session的时候把SessionID保存在Cookie里
如果不支持,必须自己编程使用URL重写的方式实现Session
response.encodeURL()
转码
URL后面加入SessionID
Session不像Cookie拥有路径访问的问题
同一个application下的servlet/jsp可以共享同一个session,前提是同一个客户端窗口。
二、Session使用演示
Session的信息:
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.PrintWriter;
- import java.util.Date;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
- public class SessionInfo extends HttpServlet {
- @Override
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
- HttpSession mysession = req.getSession(true);
- resp.setContentType("text/html");
- PrintWriter pw = resp.getWriter();
- pw.print("<html><head>");
- pw.print("<title>Session Info</title>");
- pw.print("</head><body>");
- pw.print("<h2>Session Information</h2>");
- pw.print("New Session: " + mysession.isNew());
- pw.print("<br />SessionID:" + mysession.getId());
- pw.print("<br />Session created time:" + new Date(mysession.getCreationTime()));
- pw.print("<br />Session last access time:" + new Date(mysession.getLastAccessedTime()));
- pw.print("<h2>Request Information</h2>");
- pw.print("<br />SessionID from request:" + req.getRequestedSessionId());
- pw.print("<br />SessionID via cookie:" + req.isRequestedSessionIdFromCookie());
- pw.print("<br /> SessionID via rewrite URL" + req.isRequestedSessionIdFromURL());
- pw.print("<br /> Valid Session" + req.isRequestedSessionIdValid());
- pw.print("<br /> <a href = 'SessionInfo'>refresh</a>");
- // 重写url encodeURL括号里面写的是类名。
- pw.print("<br /> <a href =" + resp.encodeURL("SessionInfo") +">refresh</a>");
- pw.print("</body></html>");
- }
- }
三、Session示例代码解析
tomcat中的通用session过期时间设置为:conf-->web.xml里面的<session-config>里面的<session-timeout>(时间单位为分钟)。
- <session-config>
- <session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
- </session-config>
四、Session的作用及示例
作用:session里面可以存任何你想要存放的内容,使用setAttribute(String name,Object value)设置session里的内容,用getAttribute(String name)获取Session里的内容
示例代码:
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.PrintWriter;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
- public class ShowSession extends HttpServlet {
- @Override
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
- HttpSession session = req.getSession(true);
- String head;
- resp.setContentType("text/html");
- PrintWriter pw = resp.getWriter();
- Integer count = (Integer) session.getAttribute("access");
- if(count == null) {
- count = new Integer(0);
- head = "hi,newcommer!";
- }else {
- count = new Integer(count.intValue() + 1);
- head = "welcome back";
- }
- session.setAttribute("access", count);
- pw.print("<html><body><h2>"+ head +"</h2>" +
- count +
- "</body></html>");
- }
- }
五、Session总结
1.服务器的一块内存(存key-value)2.和客户端窗口对应(子窗口)(独一无二)
3.客户端和服务器有对应的SessionID
4.客户端向服务器端发送SessionID的时候两种方式:
cookie(内存cookie)
rewriten URL
5.浏览器禁掉cookie,就不能使用session(使用cookie实现的session)
6.如果想安全的使用session(不论客户端是否禁止cookie),只能使用URL重写(大大增加编程负担),所以很多网站要求客户端打开cookie
7.session不像cookie一样,拥有路径访问问题,同一个Application下servlet/JSP,可以共享同一个session,前提是同一个客户端窗口。
application:
用于保存整个WebApplication的声明周期内都可以访问的数据
在API中表现为ServletContext
通过HttpServlet的getServletContext方法可以拿到
通过ServletContext的get/setAttribute方法取得和设置(用法跟session有点类似)
如果把包也拷过去,那么在web.xml中配置。
用法示例:
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.PrintWriter;
- import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- public class TestServletContext extends HttpServlet {
- @Override
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
- ServletContext context = req.getServletContext();
- resp.setContentType("text/html");
- PrintWriter pw = resp.getWriter();
- Integer count = (Integer) context.getAttribute("access");
- if(count == null) {
- count = new Integer(0);
- }else {
- count = new Integer(count.intValue() + 1);
- }
- context.setAttribute("access", count);
- pw.print("<html><body>" +
- count +
- "</body></html>");
- }
- }
数据库处理_1:
1.JavaBean 的概念
广义的bean:普通的java类; 狭义的bean:符合sun JavaBean标准的类:属性私有,首字母小写,具有getters和setters,具有一个参数为空的构造方法,具有GUI表现,必须放在包里面(不能使用裸体类),用来实现某一业务逻辑或者取得特定结果。
使用bean连接数据库代码示例:
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.PrintWriter;
- import java.sql.*;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- public class ShowRs extends HttpServlet {
- @Override
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
- Connection conn = null;
- Statement stmt = null;
- ResultSet rs = null;
- resp.setContentType("text/html");
- PrintWriter pw = resp.getWriter();
- pw.print("<head><title>显示数据</title></head><body>" +
- "<table border='1' cellspacing='6'><tr><td>ID</td>" +
- "<td>title</td></tr>");
- try {
- Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
- conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost/bbs?user=root&password=root");
- stmt = conn.createStatement();
- rs = stmt.executeQuery("select * from article");
- while(rs.next()) {
- pw.print("<tr><td>"+ rs.getInt(1)+"</td><td>"+ rs.getString("title")+"</td></tr>");
- }
- } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (SQLException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- if(rs != null) {
- try {
- rs.close();
- } catch (SQLException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- rs = null;
- }
- if(stmt != null) {
- try {
- stmt.close();
- } catch (SQLException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- stmt = null;
- }
- if(conn != null) {
- try {
- conn.close();
- } catch (SQLException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- conn = null;
- }
- }
- pw.print("</table></body></html>");
- }
- @Override
- protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
- }
- }
使用bean连接数据库代码示例:
- import java.sql.*;
- public class DB {
- static Connection conn = null;
- public static Connection getConnection() {
- try {
- Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
- conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost/bbs?user=root&password=root");
- } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (SQLException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return conn;
- }
- public static Statement getStatement(Connection conn) {
- Statement stmt = null;
- try {
- if(conn != null)
- stmt = conn.createStatement();
- } catch (SQLException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return stmt;
- }
- public static ResultSet getResultSet(Statement stmt,String sql) {
- ResultSet rs = null;
- try {
- if(stmt != null)
- rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
- } catch (SQLException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return rs;
- }
- public static void colseConnection(Connection conn) {
- if(conn != null) {
- try {
- conn.close();
- } catch (SQLException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- conn = null;
- }
- }
- public static void closeStatement(Statement stmt) {
- if (stmt != null) {
- try {
- stmt.close();
- } catch (SQLException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- stmt = null;
- }
- }
- public static void closeRS(ResultSet rs) {
- if(rs != null) {
- try {
- rs.close();
- } catch (SQLException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- rs = null;
- }
- }
- }
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.PrintWriter;
- import java.sql.*;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- public class ShowRsUseBean extends HttpServlet {
- @Override
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
- resp.setContentType("text/html");
- PrintWriter pw = resp.getWriter();
- pw.print("<head><title>显示数据</title></head><body>" +
- "<table border='1' cellspacing='6'><tr><td>ID</td>" +
- "<td>title</td></tr>");
- Connection conn = DB.getConnection();
- Statement stmt = DB.getStatement(conn);
- ResultSet rs = DB.getResultSet(stmt, "select * from article");
- try {
- while (rs.next()) {
- pw.print("<tr><td>"+ rs.getInt(1)+"</td><td>"+ rs.getString("title")+"</td></tr>");
- }
- } catch (SQLException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- DB.closeRS(rs);
- DB.closeStatement(stmt);
- DB.colseConnection(conn);
- }
- pw.print("</table></body></html>");
- }
- }