机器学习实战笔记——基于KNN算法的手写识别系统

本文主要利用k-近邻分类器实现手写识别系统，训练数据集大约2000个样本，每个数字大约有200个样本，每个样本保存在一个txt文件中，手写体图像本身是32X32的二值图像，如下图所示：

首先，我们需要将图像格式化处理为一个向量，把一个32X32的二进制图像矩阵通过img2vector()函数转换为1X1024的向量：

def img2vector(filename):
    returnVect = zeros((1,1024))
    fr = open(filename)
    for i in range(32):
        lineStr = fr.readline()
        for j in range(32):
            returnVect[0,32*i+j] = int(lineStr[j])
    return returnVect

手写数字识别系统的测试代码：

def handwritingClassTest():
    hwLabels = []
    trainingFileList = listdir('trainingDigits')           #load the training set
    m = len(trainingFileList)
    trainingMat = zeros((m,1024))
    for i in range(m):
        fileNameStr = trainingFileList[i]
        fileStr = fileNameStr.split('.')[0]     #take off .txt
        classNumStr = int(fileStr.split('_')[0])
        hwLabels.append(classNumStr)
        trainingMat[i,:] = img2vector('trainingDigits/%s' % fileNameStr)
    testFileList = listdir('testDigits')        #iterate through the test set
    errorCount = 0.0
    mTest = len(testFileList)
    for i in range(mTest):
        fileNameStr = testFileList[i]
        fileStr = fileNameStr.split('.')[0]     #take off .txt
        classNumStr = int(fileStr.split('_')[0])
        vectorUnderTest = img2vector('testDigits/%s' % fileNameStr)
        classifierResult = classify0(vectorUnderTest, trainingMat, hwLabels, 3)
        print "the classifier came back with: %d, the real answer is: %d" % (classifierResult, classNumStr)
        if (classifierResult != classNumStr): errorCount += 1.0
    print "\nthe total number of errors is: %d" % errorCount
    print "\nthe total error rate is: %f" % (errorCount/float(mTest))

在Python命令提示符中输入kNN.handwritingClassTest()，测试该函数的输出结果：

注：本文的相关代码均来源于Peter Harringtor的《机器学习实战》