CentOS7 离线安装mysql8数据库

第一步：下载离线安装包

 下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/

 

第二步：上传下载包到服务器

 上传文件mysql-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar到服务器上。

第三步：解压文件包

切换到上传文件目录下运行如下命令：

tar -vxf mysql-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

[root@gelong-vm1 rpms]# tar xvf mysql-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
mysql-community-client-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

第四步：卸载系统自带的数据库

1.检查系统自带的 MariaDB

检查系统是否自带MariaDB,命令如下：

 rpm -qa | grep mariadb

如果系统自带MariaDB,删除掉，删除命令如下：

 rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64

2.检查系统自带的mysql数据库安装包

检查系统是否自带Mysql数据库，名利如下：

 rpm -qa | grep mysql

如果系统自带mysql数据库，删除掉，删除命令如下：

 rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64

第五步：按照顺序安装mysql数据库

按照如下顺序安装：

1. rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
2. rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
3. rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
4. rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
5. rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
6. rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

1.安装 mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 报错解决方案 

安装 mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 的时候需要依赖 net-tools，如果没有 net-tools 会安装失败，此时先安装 net-tools，然后再安装 mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 即可，安装命令如下：

# 安装 mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 依赖报错
[root@sangni mysql-installation]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
错误：依赖检测失败：
	net-tools 被 mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64 需要
 
# 安装 net-tools
[root@sangni mysql-installation]# yum install net-tools
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.njupt.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.njupt.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.njupt.edu.cn
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 net-tools.x86_64.0.2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
 
依赖关系解决
 
==================================================================================================================================
 Package                      架构                      版本                                        源                       大小
==================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
 net-tools                    x86_64                    2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7                    base                    306 k
 
事务概要
==================================================================================================================================
安装  1 软件包
 
总下载量：306 k
安装大小：917 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                              | 306 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
警告：RPM 数据库已被非 yum 程序修改。
** 发现 2 个已存在的 RPM 数据库问题， 'yum check' 输出如下：
2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 有缺少的需求 libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)
2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 有缺少的需求 libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)
  正在安装    : net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64                                                                     1/1 
  验证中      : net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64                                                                     1/1 
 
已安装:
  net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7                                                                                     
 
完毕！
 
# net-tools 安装完成后再次安装 mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@sangni mysql-installation]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
警告：mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.e################################# [100%]

 2.安装 mysql-community-devel-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 报错解决方案

安装 mysql-community-devel-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 的时候需要依赖 pkgconfig(openssl)，如果报错则同样先安装 openssl-devel 即可，安装命令如下：

# 安装 mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 依赖报错
[root@sangni mysql-installation]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
错误：依赖检测失败：
	net-tools 被 mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64 需要
 
# 安装 net-tools
[root@sangni mysql-installation]# yum install net-tools
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.njupt.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.njupt.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.njupt.edu.cn
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 net-tools.x86_64.0.2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
 
依赖关系解决
 
==================================================================================================================================
 Package                      架构                      版本                                        源                       大小
==================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
 net-tools                    x86_64                    2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7                    base                    306 k
 
事务概要
==================================================================================================================================
安装  1 软件包
 
总下载量：306 k
安装大小：917 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                              | 306 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
警告：RPM 数据库已被非 yum 程序修改。
** 发现 2 个已存在的 RPM 数据库问题， 'yum check' 输出如下：
2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 有缺少的需求 libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)
2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 有缺少的需求 libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)
  正在安装    : net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64                                                                     1/1 
  验证中      : net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64                                                                     1/1 
 
已安装:
  net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7                                                                                     
 
完毕！
 
# net-tools 安装完成后再次安装 mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@sangni mysql-installation]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
警告：mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.e################################# [100%]

第六步：启动mysql服务 

1.启动MYSQL服务：

[root@gelong-vm1 rpms]# service mysqld start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service

2.查看启动状态： 

[root@gelong-vm1 rpms]# systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 二 2023-09-05 14:19:46 CST; 38s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 15236 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 15315 (mysqld)
   Status: "Server is operational"
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─15315 /usr/sbin/mysqld

9月 05 14:19:34 gelong-vm1 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
9月 05 14:19:46 gelong-vm1 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

第七步：修改默认密码开启远程连接 

1.查看默认密码：

查看默认密码命令如下：

grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

[root@gelong-vm1 rpms]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2023-09-05T06:19:39.121134Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: iU/%Q(3w<AO*

2.使用默认密码登录mysql： 

 mysql -u root -p  

[root@gelong-vm1 rpms]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.23

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

3.修改 root 用户密码： 

alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'xxxx';

注意：这里修改的密码要足够复杂，包含大小和特殊符号；

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'Houpu123!@#';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.62 sec)

mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 8.0.23    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4.修改 root 用户的 host 列值，开启远程连接： 

修改运行远程连接命令如下：

update user set host='%' where user ='root';

mysql> update user set host='%' where user ='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

5.刷新缓存:

重新刷新mysql的缓存内容命令：

flush privileges;

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.47 sec)

6.给 root 用户授予所有权限：

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%'WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

7.退出mysql控制台：

        exit;