9.17键盘的操作

键盘的应用和分类：

键盘分为编码键盘和非编码键盘，键盘上闭合键的识别是由专门的硬件编码器实现，并产生键编码号或者是键值的成为编码键盘，如计算机的键盘

靠软件编程来识别的称为非编码键盘；

在单片机组成的各种系统中，用的最多的是非编码键盘，也有用到编码键盘的

非编码键盘又有独立键盘和矩阵键盘。

 要先像键盘里面先写1；在读取操作

示例代码：

#include<reg52.h>
#define uint unsigned int 
#define uchar unsigned char

sbit ld1 = P1^0;
sbit key1 = P3^4;
sbit dula = P2^6;
sbit wela = P2^7;
uchar num;
uchar code table[]={0x3f,0x06,0x5b,0x4f,
                    0x66,0x6d,0x7d,0x07,
                    0x7f,0x6f,0x77,0x7c,
                    0x39,0x5e,0x79,0x71};
void display(num);
main()
{
    P3 = 0xff;
    while(1)
    {
        display(num);
        if(key1==0)
        {
            ld1 = 0;
            num++;
            if(num==10)
                num = 0;
             while(key1!=1);//松手检测 
            
        }
        else 
            ld1 = 1;
    }
        
}
void display(num)
{    
    wela  = 1;
    P0 = 0xfe;
    wela = 0;

    P0 = 0x0;

    dula = 1;
    P0 = table[num];
    dula = 0;
    
    dula = 1;//关灯操作
    P0 = 0x0;
    dula = 0;

    
}
View Code 

 这个程序看上去无懈可击，但是在实际过程中，有一个相当大打bug，那就是，你按住键盘的时候，数码管不显示数字，这不是很坑爹，所以，位选信号是开始就要打开的正确的代码是

#include<reg52.h>
#define uint unsigned int 
#define uchar unsigned char

sbit ld1 = P1^0;
sbit key1 = P3^4;
sbit dula = P2^6;
sbit wela = P2^7;
uchar num;
uchar code table[]={0x3f,0x06,0x5b,0x4f,
					0x66,0x6d,0x7d,0x07,
					0x7f,0x6f,0x77,0x7c,
					0x39,0x5e,0x79,0x71};
void display(num);
main()
{
	P3 = 0xff;
	wela = 1;
	P0 = 0xfe;//打开位选线
	wela = 0;

	while(1)
	{
	
		if(key1==0)
		{
			ld1 = 0;
			num++;
			if(num==10)
				num = 0;
			 while(key1!=1);//松手检测 
			
		}
		else 
			ld1 = 1;

		dula = 1;
		P0 = table[num];//在循环中不断送入段选 
		dula = 0;
	}
		
}

去抖：由于按键接触的时候会出现抖动，所以，要进行去抖操作

去抖有硬件消抖和软件消抖

硬件消抖要用专门的硬件消抖电路，导致外部电路复杂，在单片机中用不着

软件消抖，一般是延时5毫秒检测

#include<reg52.h>
#define uint unsigned int 
#define uchar unsigned char

sbit ld1 = P1^0;
sbit key1 = P3^4;
sbit dula = P2^6;
sbit wela = P2^7;
uchar num;
uchar code table[]={0x3f,0x06,0x5b,0x4f,
					0x66,0x6d,0x7d,0x07,
					0x7f,0x6f,0x77,0x7c,
					0x39,0x5e,0x79,0x71};

void delay(uint x);
main()
{
	P3 = 0xff;
	wela = 1;
	P0 = 0xfe;//打开位选线
	wela = 0;

	while(1)
	{
	
		if(key1==0)
		{
			delay(10);//延时十毫秒
			if(key1 == 0)//确实按下去了
			{	
				ld1 = 0;
				num++;
				if(num==10)
					num = 0;
			 	while(key1!=1);//松手检测 
			 	delay(10);		//检测是否松手
				while(!key1);
			}
			
		}
		else 
			ld1 = 1;

		dula = 1;
		P0 = table[num];//在循环中不断送入段选 
		dula = 0;
	}
		
}

void delay(uint x)
{
	uint y,z;
	for(y=x;y>0;y--)
		for(z=110;z>0;z--);
}

 

矩阵键盘：无论是矩阵键盘还是独立键盘，单片机检测其是否被按下去的依据都是一样的，也就是检测该键盘对应的I/O口是否为低电平，独立键盘有一段固定是低电平，单片机写程序时检测比较方便，电路时矩阵键盘的两端都与单片机deI/O口相连，因此在检测时，先送入一列为低电平，其余的全部为高电平，此时我们确定了列数，然后立即轮流检测一次各行是否有低电平，检测到某一行为低电平（这是我们有确定了行数），着我们便可确定是哪一行哪一列的按键被按下去。

示例代码：

#include<reg52.h>
sbit wela =P2^6;
sbit dula = P2^7;
#define uchar unsigned char
#define uint unsigned int 

void delay(uint z);
uchar num,num1,temp;
uchar keyscan();
uchar code table[]={0x3f,0x06,0x5b,0x4f,
					0x66,0x6d,0x7d,0x07,
					0x7f,0x6f,0x77,0x7c,
					0x39,0x5e,0x79,0x71,0x0};
					
main()
{
	wela = 1;
	P0 = 0x0;
	wela = 0;
	
	while(1)
	{
		num1 = keyscan();
		dula =1;
		P0 = table[num1];
		dula = 0;
		}
}

void delay(uint z)
{
	uint x,y;
	for(x=z;x>0;x--)
		for(y=110;y>0;y--);	
}


uchar keyscan()
{
	P3 = 0xfe;//1111 1110
		temp = P3;
		temp = temp&0xf0;//11110000
		while(temp!=0xf0)//如果有键摁下
		{
			delay(5);//再次检测P3口
			temp = P3;
			temp = temp&0xf0;
			while(temp!=0xf0)
			{
				temp = P3;	
				switch(temp)
				{
					case 0x7e:num = 1;
						break;
					case 0xbe:num = 2;
						break;
					case 0xde:num = 3;
						break;
					case 0xee:num = 4;
						break;
					
				}
				while(temp!=0xf0)//松手检测
				{
					temp = P3;
					temp = temp&0xf0;
				}
			
			}
		}

		
		P3 = 0xfd;//1111 1101
		temp = P3;
		temp = temp&0xf0;//11110000
		while(temp!=0xf0)//如果有键摁下
		{
			delay(5);//再次检测P3口
			temp = P3;
			temp = temp&0xf0;
			while(temp!=0xf0)
			{
				temp = P3;	
				switch(temp)
				{
					case 0x7d:num = 5;
						break;
					case 0xbd:num = 6;
						break;
					case 0xdd:num = 7;
						break;
					case 0xed:num = 8;
						break;
					
				}
				while(temp!=0xf0)//松手检测
				{
					temp = P3;
					temp = temp&0xf0;
				}
		
			}
		}



		P3 = 0xfb;//1111 1011
		temp = P3;
		temp = temp&0xf0;//11110000
		while(temp!=0xf0)//如果有键摁下
		{
			delay(5);//再次检测P3口
			temp = P3;
			temp = temp&0xf0;
			while(temp!=0xf0)
			{
				temp = P3;	
				switch(temp)
				{
					case 0x7b:num = 9;
						break;
					case 0xbb:num = 10;
						break;
					case 0xdb:num = 11;
						break;
					case 0xeb:num = 12;
						break;
					
				}
				while(temp!=0xf0)//松手检测
				{
					temp = P3;
					temp = temp&0xf0;
				}
	
			}
		}

		P3 = 0xf7;//1111 0111
		temp = P3;
		temp = temp&0xf0;//11110000
		while(temp!=0xf0)//如果有键摁下
		{
			delay(5);//再次检测P3口
			temp = P3;
			temp = temp&0xf0;
			while(temp!=0xf0)
			{
				temp = P3;	
				switch(temp)
				{
					case 0x77:num = 13;
						break;
					case 0xb7:num = 14;
						break;
					case 0xd7:num = 15;
						break;
					case 0xe7:num = 16;
						break;
					
				}
				while(temp!=0xf0)//松手检测
				{
					temp = P3;
					temp = temp&0xf0;
				}
	
			}
		}
		
		return num;

}

 按键操作的数字有规律，第一行为0xfe,那么其次的数是7bde,加上e,0x7e,0xbe,0xde,0xee

　　　　　　　　　　　第二行是0xfd，那么其次的数是7bde，加上d,0x7d,0xbd,0xdd,0xed

　　　　　　　　　　　第三行是0xfb，那么其次的数是7bde，加上b,0x7b,0xbb,0xdb,0xeb,

　　　　　　　　　　　第四行是0xf7，那么其次的数是7bde，加上7,0x77,0xb7,0xd7,,0xe7

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