【redis】redis的发布订阅简述

之前写过redis的list类型，可以使用阻塞blpop等命令，如果List为空，会阻塞的去等待list，直到list有数据了，再去弹出。如果我们想要去实现如聊天功能，显然list的功能不能够满足需求。这时可以使用redis的发布订阅，其命令如下：

127.0.0.1:6379> help @pubsub

  PSUBSCRIBE pattern [pattern ...]
  summary: Listen for messages published to channels matching the given patterns
  since: 2.0.0

  PUBLISH channel message
  summary: Post a message to a channel
  since: 2.0.0

  PUBSUB 
  summary: A container for Pub/Sub commands
  since: 2.8.0

  PUBSUB CHANNELS [pattern]
  summary: List active channels
  since: 2.8.0

  PUBSUB HELP 
  summary: Show helpful text about the different subcommands
  since: 6.2.0

  PUBSUB NUMPAT 
  summary: Get the count of unique patterns pattern subscriptions
  since: 2.8.0

  PUBSUB NUMSUB [channel [channel ...]]
  summary: Get the count of subscribers for channels
  since: 2.8.0

  PUBSUB SHARDCHANNELS [pattern]
  summary: List active shard channels
  since: 7.0.0

  PUBSUB SHARDNUMSUB [shardchannel [shardchannel ...]]
  summary: Get the count of subscribers for shard channels
  since: 7.0.0

  PUNSUBSCRIBE [pattern [pattern ...]]
  summary: Stop listening for messages posted to channels matching the given patterns
  since: 2.0.0

  SPUBLISH shardchannel message
  summary: Post a message to a shard channel
  since: 7.0.0

  SSUBSCRIBE shardchannel [shardchannel ...]
  summary: Listen for messages published to the given shard channels
  since: 7.0.0

  SUBSCRIBE channel [channel ...]
  summary: Listen for messages published to the given channels
  since: 2.0.0

  SUNSUBSCRIBE [shardchannel [shardchannel ...]]
  summary: Stop listening for messages posted to the given shard channels
  since: 7.0.0

  UNSUBSCRIBE [channel [channel ...]]
  summary: Stop listening for messages posted to the given channels
  since: 2.0.0

发布订阅，是用户对于redis中的一个channel去发布消息，订阅了这个channel的用户都能够收到发布的这个消息。

示例如下：
首先一个用户A订阅channel

127.0.0.1:6379> subscribe channel1
Reading messages... (press Ctrl-C to quit)
1) "subscribe"
2) "channel1"
3) (integer) 1

用户B对channel发布一条消息

127.0.0.1:6379> publish channel1 hello
(integer) 1

用户A就会收到消息如下：

127.0.0.1:6379> subscribe channel1
Reading messages... (press Ctrl-C to quit)
1) "subscribe"
2) "channel1"
3) (integer) 1
1) "message"
2) "channel1"
3) "hello"

其中1是类型，
类型共有3个[1]
subscribe: 表示我们成功订阅到响应的第二个元素提供的频道。第三个参数代表我们现在订阅的频道的数量。
unsubscribe:表示我们成功取消订阅到响应的第二个元素提供的频道。第三个参数代表我们目前订阅的频道的数量。当最后一个参数是0的时候，我们不再订阅到任何频道。当我们在Pub/Sub以外状态，客户端可以发出任何redis命令。
message: 这是另外一个客户端发出的发布命令的结果。第二个元素是来源频道的名称，第三个参数是实际消息的内容。

参考文章：
[1]，Pub/Sub