auto_ptr陷阱

auto_ptr 是C++ 标准库提供的类模板它可以帮助程序员自动管理用new 表达式动态分 配的单个对象不幸的是对用new 表达式分配的数组管理没有类似的支持我们不能用auto_ptr 存储数组如果这样做了结果将是未定义的）

在使用anto_ptr 类模板之前必须包含下面的头文件 
#include <memory> 
    auto_ptr 对象的定义有下列三种形式 
1、auto_ptr< type_pointed_to > identifier( ptr_allocated_by_new ); 

auto_ptr< int > pInt_auto( new int );
2、auto_ptr< type_pointed_to > identifier( auto_ptr_of_same_type ); 

auto_ptr< int > pInt_auto( new int );

auto_ptr< int > pInt_auto_temp( pInt_auto );
3、auto_ptr< type_pointed_to > identifier; 

auto_ptr< int > p_Int_autp_temp;

下面一段代码：

int main()
{
    //声明pInt_A, pInt_B 并且赋值
    auto_ptr< int > pInt_A ( new int(1024));
    auto_ptr< int > pInt_B ( new int(2048));

    //得到其地址
    cout<< "pInt_A Addr:: " << pInt_A.get() <<endl;
    cout<< "pInt_B Addr:: " << pInt_B.get() <<endl;

    //将pInt_B的地址赋予pInt_A
    pInt_A = pInt_B;

    //得到其地址
    cout<< "pInt_A Addr:: " << pInt_A.get() <<endl;
    cout<< "pInt_B Addr:: " << pInt_B.get() <<endl;

    return 0;
}

结果：

由此得出的结果为：

auto_ptr 类模板支持所有权概念，当pInt_A得到pInt_B的地址时，它首先将自己的负责的所有全地址释放，然后得到pInt_B地址的所有权，pInt_B将撤消所有责任。
这是所有权授予auto_ptr对象的责任。

这是如果我们访问pInt_B的值的话，编译将会通过，但执行时将会出错。（第二种对象定义也是这样）

如何防止这样错误：

//操作get() 返回auto_ptr 对象 内部的底层指针

if( pInt_B.get() != 0 && *pInt_B != 2048)
{
        *pInt_B = 2048;
}
else
{
       pInt_B.reset( new int(2048) );//创建对象的地址来直接向其赋值
}

    重置一个auto_ptr 对象我们必须使用reset() 函数，我们可以向reset()传递一个指针如果不希望设置或者取消原来的设置该auto_ptr对象的话可以传进一个0值如果auto_ptr 当前指向一个对象并且该auto_ptr对象拥有该对象的所有权则该对象在底层指针被重置之前首先被删除。

    release()操作允许将一个auto_ptr 对象的底层对象初始化或赋位给第二个对象而不会使两个auto_ptr 对象同时拥有同一对象的所有权release() 不仅像get() 操作一样返回底层对象的地址而且还释放这对象的所有权

如有错误请指正，谢谢！！！

附auto_ptr.h源码，供参考

#ifndef _BACKWARD_AUTO_PTR_H
#define _BACKWARD_AUTO_PTR_H 1

#include <bits/c++config.h>
#include <debug/debug.h>

namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
{
_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION

  /**
   *  A wrapper class to provide auto_ptr with reference semantics.
   *  For example, an auto_ptr can be assigned (or constructed from)
   *  the result of a function which returns an auto_ptr by value.
   *
   *  All the auto_ptr_ref stuff should happen behind the scenes.
   */
  template<typename _Tp1>
    struct auto_ptr_ref
    {
      _Tp1* _M_ptr;
      
      explicit
      auto_ptr_ref(_Tp1* __p): _M_ptr(__p) { }
    } _GLIBCXX_DEPRECATED;


  /**
   *  @brief  A simple smart pointer providing strict ownership semantics.
   *
   *  The Standard says:
   *  <pre>
   *  An @c auto_ptr owns the object it holds a pointer to.  Copying
   *  an @c auto_ptr copies the pointer and transfers ownership to the
   *  destination.  If more than one @c auto_ptr owns the same object
   *  at the same time the behavior of the program is undefined.
   *
   *  The uses of @c auto_ptr include providing temporary
   *  exception-safety for dynamically allocated memory, passing
   *  ownership of dynamically allocated memory to a function, and
   *  returning dynamically allocated memory from a function.  @c
   *  auto_ptr does not meet the CopyConstructible and Assignable
   *  requirements for Standard Library <a
   *  href="tables.html#65">container</a> elements and thus
   *  instantiating a Standard Library container with an @c auto_ptr
   *  results in undefined behavior.
   *  </pre>
   *  Quoted from [20.4.5]/3.
   *
   *  Good examples of what can and cannot be done with auto_ptr can
   *  be found in the libstdc++ testsuite.
   *
   *  _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
   *  127.  auto_ptr<> conversion issues
   *  These resolutions have all been incorporated.
   */
  template<typename _Tp>
    class auto_ptr
    {
    private:
      _Tp* _M_ptr;
      
    public:
      /// The pointed-to type.
      typedef _Tp element_type;
      
      /**
       *  @brief  An %auto_ptr is usually constructed from a raw pointer.
       *  @param  __p  A pointer (defaults to NULL).
       *
       *  This object now @e owns the object pointed to by @a __p.
       */
      explicit
      auto_ptr(element_type* __p = 0) throw() : _M_ptr(__p) { }

      /**
       *  @brief  An %auto_ptr can be constructed from another %auto_ptr.
       *  @param  __a  Another %auto_ptr of the same type.
       *
       *  This object now @e owns the object previously owned by @a __a,
       *  which has given up ownership.
       */
      auto_ptr(auto_ptr& __a) throw() : _M_ptr(__a.release()) { }

      /**
       *  @brief  An %auto_ptr can be constructed from another %auto_ptr.
       *  @param  __a  Another %auto_ptr of a different but related type.
       *
       *  A pointer-to-Tp1 must be convertible to a
       *  pointer-to-Tp/element_type.
       *
       *  This object now @e owns the object previously owned by @a __a,
       *  which has given up ownership.
       */
      template<typename _Tp1>
        auto_ptr(auto_ptr<_Tp1>& __a) throw() : _M_ptr(__a.release()) { }

      /**
       *  @brief  %auto_ptr assignment operator.
       *  @param  __a  Another %auto_ptr of the same type.
       *
       *  This object now @e owns the object previously owned by @a __a,
       *  which has given up ownership.  The object that this one @e
       *  used to own and track has been deleted.
       */
      auto_ptr&
      operator=(auto_ptr& __a) throw()
      {
	reset(__a.release());
	return *this;
      }

      /**
       *  @brief  %auto_ptr assignment operator.
       *  @param  __a  Another %auto_ptr of a different but related type.
       *
       *  A pointer-to-Tp1 must be convertible to a pointer-to-Tp/element_type.
       *
       *  This object now @e owns the object previously owned by @a __a,
       *  which has given up ownership.  The object that this one @e
       *  used to own and track has been deleted.
       */
      template<typename _Tp1>
        auto_ptr&
        operator=(auto_ptr<_Tp1>& __a) throw()
        {
	  reset(__a.release());
	  return *this;
	}

      /**
       *  When the %auto_ptr goes out of scope, the object it owns is
       *  deleted.  If it no longer owns anything (i.e., @c get() is
       *  @c NULL), then this has no effect.
       *
       *  The C++ standard says there is supposed to be an empty throw
       *  specification here, but omitting it is standard conforming.  Its
       *  presence can be detected only if _Tp::~_Tp() throws, but this is
       *  prohibited.  [17.4.3.6]/2
       */
      ~auto_ptr() { delete _M_ptr; }
      
      /**
       *  @brief  Smart pointer dereferencing.
       *
       *  If this %auto_ptr no longer owns anything, then this
       *  operation will crash.  (For a smart pointer, <em>no longer owns
       *  anything</em> is the same as being a null pointer, and you know
       *  what happens when you dereference one of those...)
       */
      element_type&
      operator*() const throw() 
      {
	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_ASSERT(_M_ptr != 0);
	return *_M_ptr; 
      }
      
      /**
       *  @brief  Smart pointer dereferencing.
       *
       *  This returns the pointer itself, which the language then will
       *  automatically cause to be dereferenced.
       */
      element_type*
      operator->() const throw() 
      {
	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_ASSERT(_M_ptr != 0);
	return _M_ptr; 
      }
      
      /**
       *  @brief  Bypassing the smart pointer.
       *  @return  The raw pointer being managed.
       *
       *  You can get a copy of the pointer that this object owns, for
       *  situations such as passing to a function which only accepts
       *  a raw pointer.
       *
       *  @note  This %auto_ptr still owns the memory.
       */
      element_type*
      get() const throw() { return _M_ptr; }
      
      /**
       *  @brief  Bypassing the smart pointer.
       *  @return  The raw pointer being managed.
       *
       *  You can get a copy of the pointer that this object owns, for
       *  situations such as passing to a function which only accepts
       *  a raw pointer.
       *
       *  @note  This %auto_ptr no longer owns the memory.  When this object
       *  goes out of scope, nothing will happen.
       */
      element_type*
      release() throw()
      {
	element_type* __tmp = _M_ptr;
	_M_ptr = 0;
	return __tmp;
      }
      
      /**
       *  @brief  Forcibly deletes the managed object.
       *  @param  __p  A pointer (defaults to NULL).
       *
       *  This object now @e owns the object pointed to by @a __p.  The
       *  previous object has been deleted.
       */
      void
      reset(element_type* __p = 0) throw()
      {
	if (__p != _M_ptr)
	  {
	    delete _M_ptr;
	    _M_ptr = __p;
	  }
      }
      
      /** 
       *  @brief  Automatic conversions
       *
       *  These operations convert an %auto_ptr into and from an auto_ptr_ref
       *  automatically as needed.  This allows constructs such as
       *  @code
       *    auto_ptr<Derived>  func_returning_auto_ptr(.....);
       *    ...
       *    auto_ptr<Base> ptr = func_returning_auto_ptr(.....);
       *  @endcode
       */
      auto_ptr(auto_ptr_ref<element_type> __ref) throw()
      : _M_ptr(__ref._M_ptr) { }
      
      auto_ptr&
      operator=(auto_ptr_ref<element_type> __ref) throw()
      {
	if (__ref._M_ptr != this->get())
	  {
	    delete _M_ptr;
	    _M_ptr = __ref._M_ptr;
	  }
	return *this;
      }
      
      template<typename _Tp1>
        operator auto_ptr_ref<_Tp1>() throw()
        { return auto_ptr_ref<_Tp1>(this->release()); }

      template<typename _Tp1>
        operator auto_ptr<_Tp1>() throw()
        { return auto_ptr<_Tp1>(this->release()); }
    } _GLIBCXX_DEPRECATED;

  // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
  // 541. shared_ptr template assignment and void
  template<>
    class auto_ptr<void>
    {
    public:
      typedef void element_type;
    } _GLIBCXX_DEPRECATED;

_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
} // namespace