深入剖析JavaScript中的继承

JavaScript中的继承有以下几种方式：

一、对象冒充

	function Parent(username) {
		this.username = username;
		this.hello = function() {
			alert(this.username);
		}
	}

	function Child(username, password) {
		this.method = Parent;
		this.method(username);
		delete this.method;

		this.password = password;
		this.world = function() {
			alert(this.password);
		}
	}

	var p = new Parent("香雪海");
	var c = new Child("宁采臣", "聊斋志异");

	p.hello();
	c.hello();
	c.world();

二、使用call方法，call方法的第一个参数将作为调用call方法中函数的this

	function Parent(username) {
		this.username = username;
		this.hello = function() {
			alert(this.username);
		}
	}

	function Child(username, password) {
		Parent.call(this, username);

		this.password = password;
		this.world = function() {
			alert(this.password);
		}
	}

	var p = new Parent("香雪海");
	var c = new Child("宁采臣", "聊斋志异");

	p.hello();
	c.hello();
	c.world();

三、使用apply，与上一种类似

	function Parent(username) {
		this.username = username;
		this.hello = function() {
			alert(this.username);
		}
	}

	function Child(username, password) {
		//Parent.apply(this, new Array(username));
		Parent.apply(this, [username]);
		this.password = password;
		this.world = function() {
			alert(this.password);
		}
	}

	var p = new Parent("香雪海");
	var c = new Child("宁采臣", "聊斋志异");

	p.hello();
	c.hello();
	c.world();

四、原型链方式

	function Parent() {
	
	}

	Parent.prototype.username = "那一场风花雪月的故事";
	Parent.prototype.hello = function() {
		alert(this.username);
	}

	function Child() {
		
	}

	Child.prototype = new Parent();
	Child.prototype.password = "恋爱I.N.G";
	Child.prototype.world = function() {
		alert(this.password);
	}

	var parent = new Parent();
	var child = new Child();
	parent.hello();
	child.hello();
	child.world();

五、混合方式（推荐）

	function Parent(username) {
		this.username = username;
	}

	Parent.prototype.hello = function() {
		alert(this.username);
	}

	function Child(username, password) {
		Parent.call(this, username);
		//Parent.apply(this, new Array(username));
		this.password = password;
	}

	Child.prototype = new Parent();
	Child.prototype.world = function() {
		alert(this.password);
	}

	var p = new Parent("尘间多少事");
	var c = new Child("岂必消无踪", "未知尘缘是劫");

	p.hello();
	c.hello();
	c.world();

下面是一个综合使用JavaScript面向对象和继承的小例子，有助于更深刻了解

	function Shape(edge) {
		this.edge = edge;
	}

	Shape.prototype.getArea = function() {
		return 0;
	}

	Shape.prototype.getEdge = function() {
		return this.edge;
	}

	function Triangle(bottom, height) {
		Shape.call(this, 3);
		this.bottom = bottom;
		this.height = height;
	}

	Triangle.prototype = new Shape();
	Triangle.prototype.getArea = function() {
		return 0.5 * this.bottom * this.height;
	}

	function Rectangle(bottom, height) {
		Shape.call(this, 4);
		this.bottom = bottom;
		this.height = height;
	}

	Rectangle.prototype = new Shape();
	Rectangle.prototype.getArea = function() {
		return this.bottom * this.height;
	} 

	var triangle = new Triangle(10, 5);
	alert(triangle.getEdge());//3
	alert(triangle.getArea());//25

	var rectangle = new Rectangle(10, 10);
	alert(rectangle.getEdge());//4
	alert(rectangle.getArea());//100

	//利用反射机制和prototype实现继承
	function class1(){
		  //构造函数
	}
	class1.prototype={
		  method:function(){
			   alert(1);
		  },
		  method2:function(){
			   alert("method2");
		  }
	}
	function class2(){
		  //构造函数
	}
	//让class2继承于class1
	for(var p in class1.prototype){
		   class2.prototype[p]=class1.prototype[p];
	}

	//覆盖定义class1中的method方法
	class2.prototype.method=function(){
		  alert(2);
	}
	//创建两个类的实例
	var obj1=new class1();
	var obj2=new class2();
	//分别调用obj1和obj2的method方法
	obj1.method();
	obj2.method();
	//分别调用obj1和obj2的method2方法
	obj1.method2();
	obj2.method2();

	//为类添加静态方法inherit表示继承于某类
	Function.prototype.inherit=function(baseClass){
		 for(var p in baseClass.prototype){
				this.prototype[p]=baseClass.prototype[p];
		 }
	}
	//这里使用所有函数对象（类）的共同类Function来添加继承方法，这样所有的类都会有一个inherit方法，用以实//现继承，读者可以仔细理解这种用法。于是，上面代码中的：
	//让class2继承于class1
	for(var p in class1.prototype){
		   class2.prototype[p]=class1.prototype[p];
	}
	//可以改写为：
	//让class2继承于class1
	class2.inherit(class1)
	//这样代码逻辑变的更加清楚，也更容易理解。通过这种方法实现的继承，有一个缺点，就是在class2中添加类成员//定义时，不能给prototype直接赋值，而只能对其属性进行赋值