Android学习笔记（十一）-从Internet获取数据

URL（Uniform Resource Locator）对象代表统一资源定位器，它是指向互联网“资源”的指针。URL可以由协议名、主机、端口和资源组成。通过url.openConnection()可以获取一个HttpURLConnection对象，通过这个对象的getInputStream()方法就可以获取网络上的数据了，如图片、网页内容等,这跟在J2SE中是一样的。

Android应用要想访问网络上的数据，还需要在AndroidManifest.xml文件中添加访问权限：

<!-- 访问internet权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

下面介绍一个通过URL访问图片和Html的实例：

布局文件layout/main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    >
	<TextView
		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
	    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	    android:text="@string/urlpath"
		/>
	<EditText
		android:id="@+id/urlpath"
		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
	    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	    android:text="http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_sylogo1.gif"
		/>
	<Button
		android:id="@+id/imagebutton"
		android:layout_width="wrap_content"
	    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	    android:text="@string/imagebutton"
		/>
	<Button
		android:id="@+id/htmlbutton"
		android:layout_width="wrap_content"
	    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	    android:text="@string/htmlbutton"
		/>
	<ImageView
		android:id="@+id/showimage"
		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
		android:layout_height="300dip"
		android:scaleType="fitCenter"
		/>
	<ScrollView
		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    	android:layout_height="fill_parent">
		<EditText
			android:id="@+id/showhtml"
			android:minLines="5"
			android:layout_width="fill_parent"
		    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
			/>
	</ScrollView>
	
</LinearLayout>

数据文件：values/strings.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <string name="hello">Hello World, URLActivity!</string>
    <string name="app_name">URL测试</string>
    <string name="urlpath">请输入图片网络地址</string>
    <string name="imagebutton">显示图片</string>
    <string name="htmlbutton">显示文本</string>
    <string name="error">获取图片失败</string>
</resources>

Activity,URLActivity.java

package com.geniusxiaoyu.url;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import com.geniusxiaoyu.service.URLService;

public class URLActivity extends Activity {
	private static final String TAG = "URLActivity";
	private EditText pathText;
	private EditText htmlText;
	private ImageView imageView;
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        
        pathText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.urlpath);
        htmlText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.showhtml);
        imageView = (ImageView)findViewById(R.id.showimage);
        Button imagebutton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.imagebutton);
        //添加点击事件
        imagebutton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
			
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				String path = pathText.getText().toString();
				//显示与隐藏组件
				htmlText.setVisibility(View.GONE);
				imageView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
				try {
					byte[] data = URLService.getBitData(path);
					Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length);//生成位图
					imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);//显示图片
				} catch (Exception e) {
					Toast.makeText(URLActivity.this, R.string.error, 1).show();
					Log.e(TAG, e.toString());
				}
			}
		});
        
        Button htmlbutton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.htmlbutton);
        //添加点击事件
        htmlbutton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
			
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				String path = pathText.getText().toString();
				//显示与隐藏组件
				imageView.setVisibility(View.GONE);
				htmlText.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
				try {
					byte[] data = URLService.getBitData(path);
					String html = new String(data);
					//显示文本
					htmlText.setText(html);
				} catch (Exception e) {
					Toast.makeText(URLActivity.this, R.string.error, 1).show();
					Log.e(TAG, e.toString());
				}
			}
		});
        
    }
}

URLService.java

package com.geniusxiaoyu.service;

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

import com.geniusxiaoyu.utils.StreamTool;

public class URLService {

	/**
	 * 获取图片数据
	 * @param path
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static byte[] getBitData(String path) throws Exception{
		URL url = new URL(path);
		HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
		conn.setConnectTimeout(1000 * 5);
		conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
		InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
		return StreamTool.readInputStream(is);
	}
}

StreamTool.java

package com.geniusxiaoyu.utils;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;

public class StreamTool {

	/**
	 * 从输入流中获取数据
	 * @param is
	 * @return
	 */
	public static byte[] readInputStream(InputStream is) throws Exception{
		ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
		int len = 0;
		while((len = is.read(buf)) != -1){
			baos.write(buf, 0, len);
		}
		baos.close();
		return baos.toByteArray();
	}
}

AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
      package="com.geniusxiaoyu.url"
      android:versionCode="1"
      android:versionName="1.0">
    <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
        <activity android:name=".URLActivity"
                  android:label="@string/app_name">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

    </application>
    <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" />
	<!-- 访问internet权限 -->
	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
	
</manifest>