享元模式

简介

• 面向对象编程中，通过增加类与对象的数量可以很方便的解决一些扩展性的问题，但是如何系统中的对象的数量过多时会导致系统性能的下降。享元模式就是为了解决这个问题而产生的。使用共享技术实现相同或者相似的对象的重用。

• 优点：

  • 享元模式的优点在于它可以极大减少内存中对象的数量，使得相同对象或相似对象在内存中只保存一份。
  • 享元模式的外部状态相对独立，而且不会影响其内部状态，从而使得享元对象可以在不同的环境中被共享。

• 缺点：

  • 享元模式使得系统更加复杂，需要分离出内部状态和外部状态，这使得程序的逻辑复杂化。
  • 为了使对象可以共享，享元模式需要将享元对象的状态外部化，而读取外部状态使得运行时间变长。

• 适用环境

  • 一个系统有大量相同或者相似的对象，由于这类对象的大量使用，造成内存的大量耗费。
  • 对象的大部分状态都可以外部化，可以将这些外部状态传入对象中。
  • 使用享元模式需要维护一个存储享元对象的享元池，而这需要耗费资源，因此，应当在多次重复使用享元对象时才值得使用享元模式。

  实现

  单纯的享元模式

  • 类图：
    

  • 代码实现如下：

      /**
      *享元接口
      */
  public interface IFlyWeight {
       void opertation(String outState);
  }
  
  /**
   *具体的享元类
   */
  public class ConcreteFlyWeight implements IFlyWeight {
      private String inState;
      
      public ConcreteFlyWeight(String intate) {
          this.inState = inState;
      }
      
      @Override
      public void opertation(String outState) {
          System.out.println("instate:" + inState);
          System.out.println("outState:" + outState);
      }
  }
  
  /**
   *享元工厂
   */
  public class FlyWeightFactory {
      private Map<String, IFlyWeight> flyWeightPool = new HashMap<>();
  
      public IFlyWeight factory(String key) {
          IFlyWeight flyWeight = flyWeightPool.get(key);
  
          if (flyWeight == null) {
              flyWeight = new ConcreteFlyWeight(key);
              flyWeightPool.put(key, flyWeight);
          }
          return flyWeight;
      }
  }
  
  /**
   使用
   */
  public class Client {
  
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          FlyWeightFactory flyWeightFactory = new FlyWeightFactory();
          IFlyWeight flyWeight1 = flyWeightFactory.factory("a");
          IFlyWeight flyWeight2 = flyWeightFactory.factory("b");
          IFlyWeight flyWeight3 = flyWeightFactory.factory("a");
          IFlyWeight flyWeight4 = flyWeightFactory.factory("b");
  
          flyWeight1.opertation("1");
          flyWeight2.opertation("2");
          flyWeight3.opertation("3");
          flyWeight4.opertation("4");
  
          System.out.println("f1:" + flyWeight1.hashCode() + ";;f2:" + flyWeight2.hashCode() + ";;" +
                  "f3:" + flyWeight3.hashCode() + ";;f4:" + flyWeight4.hashCode());
      }
  }
  
  

复合享元模式

• 类图:

  

• 代码实现：

    /**
      *享元接口
      */
  public interface IFlyWeight {
       void opertation(String outState);
  }
  
  /**
   *具体的享元类
   */
  public class ConcreteFlyWeight implements IFlyWeight {
      private String inState;
      
      public ConcreteFlyWeight(String intate) {
          this.inState = inState;
      }
      
      @Override
      public void opertation(String outState) {
          System.out.println("instate:" + inState);
          System.out.println("outState:" + outState);
      }
  }
  
  /**
   *复合享元类
   */
  public class ConcreteCompositeFlyWeight implements IFlyWeight {
      private Map<String, IFlyWeight> flyWeightMap = new HashMap<>();
  
      @Override
      public void opertation(String outState) {
          System.out.println("ConcreteCompositeFlyWeight outstate:" + outState);
          for (String state : flyWeightMap.keySet()) {
              flyWeightMap.get(state).opertation(outState);
          }
      }
  
      public void addConcreteFlyWeight(String state, IFlyWeight flyWeight) {
          flyWeightMap.put(state, flyWeight);
      }
  }
  
  /**
   *享元工厂
   */
  public class FlyWeightFactory {
      private Map<String, IFlyWeight> flyWeightPool = new HashMap<>();
  
      public IFlyWeight factory(String key) {
          IFlyWeight flyWeight = flyWeightPool.get(key);
  
          if (flyWeight == null) {
              flyWeight = new ConcreteFlyWeight(key);
              flyWeightPool.put(key, flyWeight);
          }
          return flyWeight;
      }
  
      public IFlyWeight factory(List<String> states) {
          ConcreteCompositeFlyWeight weight = new ConcreteCompositeFlyWeight();
          for (String s : states) {
              weight.addConcreteFlyWeight(s, factory(s));
          }
          return weight;
      }
  }
  
  /**
   使用
   */
  public class Client {
  
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          FlyWeightFactory flyWeightFactory = new FlyWeightFactory();
          IFlyWeight flyWeight1 = flyWeightFactory.factory("a");
          IFlyWeight flyWeight2 = flyWeightFactory.factory("b");
          IFlyWeight flyWeight3 = flyWeightFactory.factory("a");
          IFlyWeight flyWeight4 = flyWeightFactory.factory("b");
  
          flyWeight1.opertation("1");
          flyWeight2.opertation("2");
          flyWeight3.opertation("3");
          flyWeight4.opertation("4");
  
          System.out.println("f1:" + flyWeight1.hashCode() + ";;f2:" + flyWeight2.hashCode() + ";;" +
                  "f3:" + flyWeight3.hashCode() + ";;f4:" + flyWeight4.hashCode());
          
          List<String> states = new ArrayList<>();
          states.add("a");
          states.add("b");
          states.add("d");
          states.add("e");
          IFlyWeight flyWeight = flyWeightFactory.factory(states);
          flyWeight.opertation("composite1");
      }
  }