Docker系列（7） Web 应用案例

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-12 16:40:08 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-03-12 16:40:08 发布

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分类专栏： Docker

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/getinglxf/article/details/105966292

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1 运行一个 web 应用

前面我们运行的容器并没有一些什么特别的用处。
接下来让我们尝试使用 docker 构建一个 web 应用程序。
我们将在docker容器中运行一个 Python Flask 应用来运行一个web应用。

dd@ubuntu04:~$ docker pull training/webapp

dd@ubuntu04:~$ docker run -d -P training/webapp python app.py
c5dead1b4292096a8450af0ca1967ce7ba7ff50416be4ec7cb68a1a96fa10d9e

参数说明:

-d:让容器在后台运行。
-P:将容器内部使用的网络端口映射到我们使用的主机上。

2 查看 WEB 应用容器

使用 docker ps 来查看我们正在运行的容器：

dd@ubuntu04:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                     NAMES
c5dead1b4292        training/webapp     "python app.py"     About a minute ago   Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:32768->5000/tcp   adoring_elbakyan

这里多了端口信息。

 PORTS  
 0.0.0.0:32768->5000/tcp

Docker 开放了 5000 端口（默认 Python Flask 端口）映射到主机端口 32769 上。

这时我们可以通过浏览器访问WEB应用
在这里插入图片描述
我们也可以通过 -p 参数来设置不一样的端口：

dd@ubuntu04:~$ docker run -d -p 5000:5000 training/webapp python app.py
af2b3a2b078034b3676e18b74ee2e6b1d5ed69f6c3a493cfaeaba6f47b83ee9d

docker ps查看正在运行的容器

dd@ubuntu04:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                     NAMES
af2b3a2b0780        training/webapp     "python app.py"     51 seconds ago      Up 49 seconds       0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp    compassionate_grothendieck
c5dead1b4292        training/webapp     "python app.py"     5 minutes ago       Up 5 minutes        0.0.0.0:32768->5000/tcp   adoring_elbakyan

容器内部的 5000 端口映射到我们本地主机的 5000 端口上。

3 网络端口的快捷方式

通过 docker ps 命令可以查看到容器的端口映射，docker 还提供了另一个快捷方式 docker port，使用 docker port 可以查看指定（ID 或者名字）容器的某个确定端口映射到宿主机的端口号。
上面我们创建的 web 应用容器 ID 为 c5dead1b4292名字为adoring_elbakyan。
我可以使用 docker port c5dead1b4292或 docker port adoring_elbakyan来查看容器端口的映射情况。

dd@ubuntu04:~$ docker port c5dead1b4292
5000/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32768

dd@ubuntu04:~$ docker port adoring_elbakyan
5000/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32768

4 查看 WEB 应用程序日志

docker logs [ID或者名字] 可以查看容器内部的标准输出。

dd@ubuntu04:~$ docker logs -f c5dead1b4292
 * Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
192.168.31.3 - - [07/May/2020 02:21:37] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
192.168.31.3 - - [07/May/2020 02:21:37] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 -

-f: 让 docker logs 像使用 tail -f 一样来输出容器内部的标准输出。
从上面，我们可以看到应用程序使用的是 5000 端口并且能够查看到应用程序的访问日志。

5 查看WEB应用程序容器的进程

我们还可以使用 docker top 来查看容器内部运行的进程

dd@ubuntu04:~$ docker top c5dead1b4292
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                13524               13501               0                   02:18               ?                   00:00:00            python app.py

6 检查 WEB 应用程序

使用 docker inspect 来查看 Docker 的底层信息。它会返回一个 JSON 文件记录着 Docker 容器的配置和状态信息。

dd@ubuntu04:~$ docker inspect adoring_elbakyan

[
    {
        "Id": "c5dead1b4292096a8450af0ca1967ce7ba7ff50416be4ec7cb68a1a96fa10d9e",
        "Created": "2020-05-07T02:18:41.666166526Z",
        "Path": "python",
        "Args": [
            "app.py"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 13524,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2020-05-07T02:18:43.031177491Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:6fae60ef344644649a39240b94d73b8ba9c67f898ede85cf8e947a887b3e6557",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c5dead1b4292096a8450af0ca1967ce7ba7ff50416be4ec7cb68a1a96fa10d9e/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c5dead1b4292096a8450af0ca1967ce7ba7ff50416be4ec7cb68a1a96fa10d9e/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c5dead1b4292096a8450af0ca1967ce7ba7ff50416be4ec7cb68a1a96fa10d9e/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c5dead1b4292096a8450af0ca1967ce7ba7ff50416be4ec7cb68a1a96fa10d9e/c5dead1b4292096a8450af0ca1967ce7ba7ff50416be4ec7cb68a1a96fa10d9e-json.log",
        "Name": "/adoring_elbakyan",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "docker-default",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Capabilities": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": true,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2c6a83e7f8a8c263a0aaaa268c1b472aa94db69832fc4d575491369d173e4c7a-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6057a4bd50fb97db04115da4f9f993a1a27343337a35b4b79c7b323705428e05/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2908b26086d2e5436fae48db5f87233725ebbbd09be57226411cdb98125fe374/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f08761c82dd3843a116ba20fa05c5096ff4c9bde04204021303cf1c48246204b/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b73bfe2c8ca647328ebadf79b8f904e95dde429417e86fcf08a4adbe969b3bcb/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5d1fc3a4fa3ce1520aca785177064a77568735b6a639ff5a170836b75a93415d/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9fd83aa9f2887f43a0fb2376eda09dbcec584e32a101af81b5e512dd0e8e9210/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9b936c852f38a612aba40f7723d1009f8f8307fc7d65487ea6381f8cd9aa5fea/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5d0fe3587d0ad9f1a422a8b58a8cee578fa358f269ba9bbae7cc44bea85fc779/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/974c86eb95ddbaaf5eeff0603f5c46c3ff7d8d5146c688611796c287cffcd97a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/db2f268ba00f0152185c5debc116c81659eacf5ee52deb8a96c72caa61e8c9d5/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7676cc3ea719f2f92ca24245435729f4d525d72b33ddb8200076d20790a96420/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/637478046c38a5bfae6196df69bb597d91873b2531ee1480c3b9eb8cf25f1ab7/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5307cf38da40e0a639e9d0080226357bfcd64f0a4b39d33ddef57ff5f65aef7e/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2c6a83e7f8a8c263a0aaaa268c1b472aa94db69832fc4d575491369d173e4c7a/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2c6a83e7f8a8c263a0aaaa268c1b472aa94db69832fc4d575491369d173e4c7a/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2c6a83e7f8a8c263a0aaaa268c1b472aa94db69832fc4d575491369d173e4c7a/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "c5dead1b4292",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "5000/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "python",
                "app.py"
            ],
            "Image": "training/webapp",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "/opt/webapp",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {}
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "5302a980b2692190898b7b9edc9c586d1728a1ee61816a95c0a692d6e7e8bb8a",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {
                "5000/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "0.0.0.0",
                        "HostPort": "32768"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/5302a980b269",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "be0237a785d81d875afcb82f469c9016808e9415aeca83a3f4d9f81aa944465b",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "4669621da1df5391a5f3a7975ecd633d49f8c62d669f4712c1f962e36f013c4b",
                    "EndpointID": "be0237a785d81d875afcb82f469c9016808e9415aeca83a3f4d9f81aa944465b",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

7 停止 WEB 应用容器

dd@ubuntu04:~$ docker stop adoring_elbakyan
adoring_elbakyan

8 重启WEB应用容器

已经停止的容器，我们可以使用命令 docker start 来启动。

dd@ubuntu04:~$ docker start adoring_elbakyan
adoring_elbakyan

docker ps -l 查询最后一次创建的容器：

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
af2b3a2b0780        training/webapp     "python app.py"     8 minutes ago       Up 8 minutes        0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp   compassionate_grothendieck

正在运行的容器，我们可以使用 docker restart 命令来重启。

9 移除WEB应用容器

我们可以使用 docker rm 命令来删除不需要的容器

dd@ubuntu04:~$ docker rm adoring_elbakyan
adoring_elbakyan

删除容器时，容器必须是停止状态，否则会报如下错误

dd@ubuntu04:~$ docker rm af2b3a2b0780
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container af2b3a2b078034b3676e18b74ee2e6b1d5ed69f6c3a493cfaeaba6f47b83ee9d. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove

10. 参考文献

[1] Docker 容器使用

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Docker系列（7） Web 应用案例

1 运行一个 web 应用前面我们运行的容器并没有一些什么特别的用处。接下来让我们尝试使用 docker 构建一个 web 应用程序。我们将在docker容器中运行一个 Python Flask 应用来运行一个web应用。dd@ubuntu04:~$ docker pull training/webappdd@ubuntu04:~$ docker run -d -P training/...
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