zxing生成二维码去除多余白边

白边问题
尺寸为100,100的时候，白边情况比较严重，左右上下都有8个像素的白边。
先考究一下为什么会产生白边，能不能去掉。

看一下encode方法。

@Override
  public BitMatrix encode(String contents,
                          BarcodeFormat format,
                          int width,
                          int height,
                          Map<EncodeHintType,?> hints) throws WriterException {

    if (contents.isEmpty()) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Found empty contents");
    }

    if (format != BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can only encode QR_CODE, but got " + format);
    }

    if (width < 0 || height < 0) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Requested dimensions are too small: " + width + 'x' +
          height);
    }

    ErrorCorrectionLevel errorCorrectionLevel = ErrorCorrectionLevel.L;
    int quietZone = QUIET_ZONE_SIZE;
    if (hints != null) {
      if (hints.containsKey(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION)) {
        errorCorrectionLevel = ErrorCorrectionLevel.valueOf(hints.get(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION).toString());
      }
      if (hints.containsKey(EncodeHintType.MARGIN)) {
        quietZone = Integer.parseInt(hints.get(EncodeHintType.MARGIN).toString());
      }
    }
	//没有涉及到宽高，仅仅和内容相关，那么我们的内容变成二维码就是这里
    QRCode code = Encoder.encode(contents, errorCorrectionLevel, hints);
    //和宽高、以及刚刚生成的二维码相关，其中还有一个quietZone参数。
    return renderResult(code, width, height, quietZone);
  }
  // Note that the input matrix uses 0 == white, 1 == black, while the output matrix uses
  // 0 == black, 255 == white (i.e. an 8 bit greyscale bitmap).
  // 假定初始输出的width为100，height为100
  private static BitMatrix renderResult(QRCode code, int width, int height, int quietZone) {
      ByteMatrix input = code.getMatrix();
      //计算出来的二维码大小,假设二维码最小大小为21
      int inputWidth = input.getWidth();
      int inputHeight = input.getHeight();
      //计算留白空间，设的0会在这里生效
      int qrWidth = inputWidth + (quietZone * 2);
      int qrHeight = inputHeight + (quietZone * 2);
      //计算二维码大小和我们提供给系统的尺寸比较，取最大值。
      int outputWidth = Math.max(width, qrWidth);
      int outputHeight = Math.max(height, qrHeight);
      //计算二维码与提供尺寸的倍率关系，用于放大缩小。如100/21=4
      int multiple = Math.min(outputWidth / qrWidth, outputHeight / qrHeight);
      // Padding includes both the quiet zone and the extra white pixels to accommodate the requested
      // dimensions. For example, if input is 25x25 the QR will be 33x33 including the quiet zone.
      // If the requested size is 200x160, the multiple will be 4, for a QR of 132x132. These will
      // handle all the padding from 100x100 (the actual QR) up to 200x160.
      //上述主要解释leftPadding和topPadding右边的计算赋值是什么意思。
      //计算左上分别空多少空间，(100-21*4)=8
      int leftPadding = (outputWidth - (inputWidth * multiple)) / 2;
      int topPadding = (outputHeight - (inputHeight * multiple)) / 2;
      //取尺寸最大值的画布大小
      BitMatrix output = new BitMatrix(outputWidth, outputHeight);
      //从空出的第8个像素点开始，把二维码点1x1的结果放大至4x4写入画布中。
      for (int inputY = 0, outputY = topPadding; inputY < inputHeight; inputY++, outputY += multiple) {
          // Write the contents of this row of the barcode
          for (int inputX = 0, outputX = leftPadding; inputX < inputWidth; inputX++, outputX += multiple) {
              if (input.get(inputX, inputY) == 1) {
                  output.setRegion(outputX, outputY, multiple, multiple);
              }
          }
      }

    return output;
  }

可以看到，在renderResult方法中，QRCodeWriter直接是将原本二维码像素值直接以整数倍率扩增，因为内容的大小导致对应尺寸和二维码像素值无法整除关系，为了适应用户输入的尺寸，所以才产生了白边。

所以去白边，本质上是将100x100变成84x84这种情况。

那么我们直接重新实现Writer，把其他代码基本照抄，然后把renderResult改写。

PS:为什么不是继承重写，是因为QRCodeWriter是一个被final修饰的类，不允许继承。

白边解决方案

 // Note that the input matrix uses 0 == white, 1 == black, while the output matrix uses
  // 0 == black, 255 == white (i.e. an 8 bit greyscale bitmap).
  // 假定初始输出的width为100，height为100
  private static BitMatrix renderResult(QRCode code, int width, int height, int quietZone) {
      ByteMatrix input = code.getMatrix();
      int inputWidth = input.getWidth();
      int inputHeight = input.getHeight();
      int qrWidth = inputWidth + (quietZone * 2);
      int qrHeight = inputHeight + (quietZone * 2);
      int outputWidth = Math.max(width, qrWidth);
      int outputHeight = Math.max(height, qrHeight);
      int multiple = Math.min(outputWidth / qrWidth, outputHeight / qrHeight);
      
	  outputWidth = qrWidth * multiple;// 改动点
	  outputHeight = qrWidth * multiple;// 改动点
      
      // Padding includes both the quiet zone and the extra white pixels to accommodate the requested
      // dimensions. For example, if input is 25x25 the QR will be 33x33 including the quiet zone.
      // If the requested size is 200x160, the multiple will be 4, for a QR of 132x132. These will
      // handle all the padding from 100x100 (the actual QR) up to 200x160.
      int leftPadding = (outputWidth - (inputWidth * multiple)) / 2;
      int topPadding = (outputHeight - (inputHeight * multiple)) / 2;
      leftPadding = 0 ;//改动点
      topPadding = 0 ;//改动点
      BitMatrix output = new BitMatrix(outputWidth, outputHeight);
      for (int inputY = 0, outputY = topPadding; inputY < inputHeight; inputY++, outputY += multiple) {
          // Write the contents of this row of the barcode
          for (int inputX = 0, outputX = leftPadding; inputX < inputWidth; inputX++, outputX += multiple) {
              if (input.get(inputX, inputY) == 1) {
                  output.setRegion(outputX, outputY, multiple, multiple);
              }
          }
      }

    return output;
  }

如上，添加4行代码就可以完成去白边的功能需求。

启动代码

 public static void main(String[] args) {
        String myCodeText = "http://www.example.com";
        int size = 250;
        String filePath = "/Users/kiwi/dream/temp/QRCode.png";  // define your file path

        try {
            Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object> hintMap = new Hashtable<>();
            hintMap.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.L);
            hintMap.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 0);  // Set the margin to remove the border
            QRCodeWriter qrCodeWriter = new QRCodeWriter();
            BitMatrix byteMatrix = qrCodeWriter.encode(myCodeText, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, size, size, hintMap);
            int CrunchifyWidth = byteMatrix.getWidth();
            BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(CrunchifyWidth, CrunchifyWidth,
                    BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
            image.createGraphics();

            for (int i = 0; i < CrunchifyWidth; i++) {
                for (int j = 0; j < CrunchifyWidth; j++) {
                    image.setRGB(i, j, (byteMatrix.get(i, j) ? java.awt.Color.BLACK.getRGB() : java.awt.Color.WHITE.getRGB()));
                }
            }

            // Save the image to a file
            File qrFile = new File(filePath);
            ImageIO.write(image, "PNG", qrFile);
        } catch (WriterException e) {
            // Handle the exception appropriately
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // Handle the I/O exception
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

结论
二维码的生成分为两部分:
第一部分是根据你的内容生成对应的二维码大小，如上图二维码的最小大小为21x21.
第二部分是根据用户输入的大小，如100x100就是先扩大成84x84，剩余16x16就变成4个方位的8x8白边。
因此白边是可以去除的，但是去除后白边的二维码因为是21*21，只能整数倍放大，做不到浮点值放大，因为最小单元像素点不能够再划分。
转载：https://www.cnblogs.com/vwymblog/p/11936216.html