理解synchronized(Object)锁

package test;

public class Test2 {
    static class Inner1 {
        public void m1() {
            synchronized("aaaa") {
                for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'g'; c++) {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " m1() : " + c);  
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(100);  
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    }
                }  
            }
        }
        public synchronized void m2() {
            for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'g'; c++) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " m2() : " + c);  
                try {
                Thread.sleep(100);  
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                }
            }   
        } 
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Inner1 in1 = new Inner1();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(
            new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    in1.m1();  
                }  
            }, "T1"
        );
        Thread t2 = new Thread(
            new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    in1.m2();  
                }
            }, "T2"  
        );
        t1.start();
        t2.start();  
    }  
}

 

结果：

 

T1 m1() : a
T2 m2() : a
T1 m1() : b
T2 m2() : b
T1 m1() : c
T2 m2() : c
T1 m1() : d
T2 m2() : d
T1 m1() : e
T2 m2() : e
T1 m1() : f
T2 m2() : f
T1 m1() : g
T2 m2() : g

 

分析：

m2()是Inner1类中的一个同步方法，而m1()中包含了一个同步块。

m1()中的同步块只是针对对象"aaaa"进行同步，它不能对Inner1实例本身进行同步。所以，如上例所示，两个线程互不干扰，同时运行。

 

 

再看下面这个例子：

 

package test;

public class Test1 {
    static class Inner1 {
        public void m1(Inner2 i2) {
            String str = Thread.currentThread().getName();
            synchronized (i2) {
                System.out.println(str + " enter: Inner1.m1()");
                for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'g'; c++) {
                    System.out.println(str + "goto: " + c);
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(100);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                          
                    }  
                }  
                System.out.println(str + " leave: Inner1.m1()");
            }
        } 
        public synchronized void m2() {
            String str = Thread.currentThread().getName();
            System.out.println(str + " enter: Inner1.m2()");
            for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; c++) {
                System.out.println(str + "goto: " + c);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(100);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                          
                }  
            }  
            System.out.println(str + " leave: Inner1.m2()");  
        }
    }
    static class Inner2 {
        public synchronized void m1() {
            String str = Thread.currentThread().getName();
            System.out.println(str + " enter: Inner2.m1()");
            for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'g'; c++) {
                System.out.println(str + "goto: " + c);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(100);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                          
                }  
            }  
            System.out.println(str + " leave: Inner2.m1()");  
        }
    }
 public static void main(String[] args) {
     final Inner1 in1 = new Inner1();
     final Inner2 in2 = new Inner2();
     Thread t1 = new Thread(
         new Runnable() {
             public void run() {
                 in1.m1(in2);  
             }  
         }, "T1"
     );
     Thread t2 = new Thread(
         new Runnable() {
             public void run() {
                 in1.m2();  
             }  
         }, "T2"
     );
     Thread t3 = new Thread(
         new Runnable() {
             public void run() {
                 in2.m1();  
             }
         }, "T3"
     );
     t1.start();
     t2.start();
     t3.start();
 }
}

 

结果：

 

T1 enter: Inner1.m1()
T1goto: a
T2 enter: Inner1.m2()
T2goto: a
T1goto: b
T2goto: b
T1goto: c
T2goto: c
T1goto: d
T2goto: d
T1goto: e
T2goto: e
T2goto: f
T1goto: f
T2goto: g
T1goto: g
T2goto: h
T1 leave: Inner1.m1()
T3 enter: Inner2.m1()
T3goto: a
T2goto: i
T3goto: b
T3goto: c
T2goto: j
T3goto: d
T2goto: k
T3goto: e
T2goto: l
T3goto: f
T2goto: m
T3goto: g
T2goto: n
T3 leave: Inner2.m1()
T2goto: o
T2goto: p
T2goto: q
T2goto: r
T2goto: s
T2goto: t
T2goto: u
T2goto: v
T2goto: w
T2goto: x
T2goto: y
T2goto: z
T2 leave: Inner1.m2()

 

分析：

T2的执行贯穿整个过程。T3在T1结束对Inner1.m1()的调用后才调用Inner2.m1(),这是因为Inner1.m1()方法中的同步块锁住了Inner2的对象in2。