线程之synchronized 方法

synchronized 方法控制对类成员变量的访问：每个类实例对应一把锁，每个 synchronized 方法都必须获得调用该方法的类实例的锁方能执行，否则所属线程阻塞，方法一旦执行，就独占该锁，直到从该方法返回时才将锁释放，此后被阻塞的线程方能获得该锁，重新进入可执行状态。这种机制确保了同一时刻对于每一个类实例，其所有声明为 synchronized 的成员函数中至多只有一个处于可执行状态（因为至多只有一个能够获得该类实例对应的锁），从而有效避免了类成员变量的访问冲突（只要所有可能访问类成员变量的方法均被声明为 synchronized）。

举例如下：

①同一个对象中的两个线程(function1和function2作为普通方法)

package co.test.synchronize;

public class Test implements Runnable {
	private int count = 0;

	public Test(int whichThread) {
		count = whichThread;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 同一个对象中的两个线程-----------------------↓
		Test test = new Test(0);

		Thread thread1 = new Thread(test);
		thread1.start();
		Thread thread2 = new Thread(test);
		thread2.start();
		// 同一个对象中的两个线程-----------------------↑
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		if (count == 0) {
			function1();
		} else {
			function2();
		}
	}

	private void function1() {
		count = 1;
		System.out.println("function11111 is start");
		try {
			// 模拟耗时操作
			Thread.sleep(3000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println("function11111 is end");
	}

	private void function2() {
		System.out.println("function22222 is start");
		System.out.println("function22222 is end");
	}

}

执行结果：

function11111 is start
function22222 is start
function22222 is end
function11111 is end

function1和function2都是处于可执行状态

②同一个对象中的两个线程(function1和function2均被声明为 synchronized)

package co.test.synchronize;

public class Test implements Runnable {
	private int count = 0;

	public Test(int whichThread) {
		count = whichThread;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 同一个对象中的两个线程-----------------------↓
		Test test = new Test(0);

		Thread thread1 = new Thread(test);
		thread1.start();
		Thread thread2 = new Thread(test);
		thread2.start();
		// 同一个对象中的两个线程-----------------------↑
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		if (count == 0) {
			function1();
		} else {
			function2();
		}
	}

	private synchronized void function1() {
		count = 1;
		System.out.println("function11111 is start");
		try {
			// 模拟耗时操作
			Thread.sleep(3000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println("function11111 is end");
	}

	private synchronized void function2() {
		System.out.println("function22222 is start");
		System.out.println("function22222 is end");
	}

}

执行结果：

function11111 is start
function11111 is end
function22222 is start
function22222 is end

function2等function1执行完之后才被执行

③两个对象中的两个线程(function1和function2作为普通方法)

package co.test.synchronize;

public class Test implements Runnable {
	private int count = 0;

	public Test(int whichThread) {
		count = whichThread;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 两个对象中的两个线程-----------------------↓
		Test test1 = new Test(0);
		Test test2 = new Test(1);

		Thread thread1 = new Thread(test1);
		thread1.start();
		Thread thread2 = new Thread(test2);
		thread2.start();
		// 两个对象中的两个线程-----------------------↑
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		if (count == 0) {
			function1();
		} else {
			function2();
		}
	}

	private void function1() {
		count = 1;
		System.out.println("function11111 is start");
		try {
			// 模拟耗时操作
			Thread.sleep(3000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println("function11111 is end");
	}

	private void function2() {
		System.out.println("function22222 is start");
		System.out.println("function22222 is end");
	}

}

执行结果：

function11111 is start
function22222 is start
function22222 is end
function11111 is end

function1和function2都是处于可执行状态

④两个对象中的两个线程(function1和function2均被声明为 synchronized)

package co.test.synchronize;

public class Test implements Runnable {
	private int count = 0;

	public Test(int whichThread) {
		count = whichThread;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 两个对象中的两个线程-----------------------↓
		Test test1 = new Test(0);
		Test test2 = new Test(1);

		Thread thread1 = new Thread(test1);
		thread1.start();
		Thread thread2 = new Thread(test2);
		thread2.start();
		// 两个对象中的两个线程-----------------------↑
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		if (count == 0) {
			function1();
		} else {
			function2();
		}
	}

	private synchronized void function1() {
		count = 1;
		System.out.println("function11111 is start");
		try {
			// 模拟耗时操作
			Thread.sleep(3000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println("function11111 is end");
	}

	private synchronized void function2() {
		System.out.println("function22222 is start");
		System.out.println("function22222 is end");
	}

}

执行结果：

function11111 is start
function22222 is start
function22222 is end
function11111 is end

function1和function2都是处于可执行状态