目录
开机启动docker systemctl enable docker
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除全部的容器
命令5：docker system df 查看镜像/容器/数据卷所占的空间
进入当前正在进行的容器 重要 docker exec -it 交互模式执行
开机启动docker systemctl enable docker
yum命令
(1) yum清空缓存列表
yum clean packages 清除缓存目录下的软件包，清空的是(/var/cache/yum)下的缓存
yum clean headers 清除缓存目录下的 headers
yum clean oldheaders 清除缓存目录下旧的 headers
yum clean, yum clean all (= yum clean packages; yum clean oldheaders) 清除缓存目录下的软件包及旧的headers
(2) yum显示信息
yum list # yum list显示所有已经安装和可以安装的程序包
(3) yum安装
yum -y install httpd
安装完之后查询一下
yum list httpd，Installed 说明已经安装好了
(4) yum删除
yum remove httpd 删除程序包httpd ，也就是卸载。
yum deplist rpm 查看程序rpm依赖情况
(5 ) yum包的升级
yum check-update 检查可更新的程序
yum update 全部更新，升级所有包，以及升级软件和系统内核，这就是一键升级。他可以更新CentOS的内核到最新版本
帮助命令 --help
命令：docker 命令 --help
docker version #显示docker的版本信息
docker info #显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help #万能命令帮助文档的地址：Reference documentation | Docker Documentation
镜像命令
命令1：查看所有的镜像 docker images
docker imagesdocker images -a 展示所有镜像docker images -q 只展示镜像的ID
docker images -aq
[root@gh ~]# systemctl start docker # 启动docker
[root@gh ~]# docker images --help # docker images -help 的帮助文档
Usage: docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
List images
Options:
-a, --all Show all images (default hides intermediate images)
--digests Show digests
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print images using a Go template
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet Only show image IDs
[root@gh ~]# docker images # 查看全部的镜像
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 5 months ago 13.3kB
#解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的id
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
#可选项
-a, --all #列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet #只显示镜像的
[root@gh ~]# docker images -a
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 5 months ago 13.3kB
[root@gh ~]# docker images -q
feb5d9fea6a5
[root@gh ~]# docker images -aq 常用显示全部镜像id
feb5d9fea6a5
命令2：搜索镜像 docker search
docker search 镜像docker search 镜像 --filter=starts=3000
[root@gh ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 12252 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4709 [OK]
mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 908 [OK]
percona Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati… 572 [OK]
phpmyadmin phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M… 470 [OK]
.........
#可选项，通过搜索来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000
docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000 搜索出来的镜像就是STRAS大于3000
[root@gh ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=4500
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 12252 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4709 [OK] 命令3：下载镜像 docker pull
docker pull 镜像 ：默认下载最新版本（latest）docker pull 镜像:版本 ：下载指定的版本
[root@gh ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest #如果默认tag 默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
a10c77af2613: Pull complete #分层下载 docker image的核心 联合文件系统
b76a7eb51ffd: Pull complete
258223f927e4: Pull complete
2d2c75386df9: Pull complete
63e92e4046c9: Pull complete
f5845c731544: Pull complete
bd0401123a9b: Pull complete
3ef07ec35f1a: Pull complete
c93a31315089: Pull complete
3349ed800d44: Pull complete
6d01857ca4c1: Pull complete
4cc13890eda8: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:aeecae58035f3868bf4f00e5fc623630d8b438db9d05f4d8c6538deb14d4c31b #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真是地址
#等价于它
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
#指定版本下载
[root@gh ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
a10c77af2613: Already exists
b76a7eb51ffd: Already exists
258223f927e4: Already exists
2d2c75386df9: Already exists
63e92e4046c9: Already exists
f5845c731544: Already exists
bd0401123a9b: Already exists
2724b2da64fd: Pull complete
d10a7e9e325c: Pull complete
1c5fd9c3683d: Pull complete
2e35f83a12e9: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:7a3a7b7a29e6fbff433c339fc52245435fa2c308586481f2f92ab1df239d6a29
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7命令4：删除镜像 docker rmi
删除指定的镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像ID：删除镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除全部的容器
[root@gh ~]# docker rmi -f feb5d9fea6a5[容器id] #删除指定的容器
-f 删除指定容器【镜像id】
-f 删除多个容器【镜像id】【镜像id】【镜像id】【镜像id】【镜像id】
-f $(docker images -aq) 【复合删除】(docker images -aq 查出所有的镜像) 之后进行删除 删除全部的容器
[root@gh ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除全部的容器命令5：docker system df 查看镜像/容器/数据卷所占的空间
[root@gh ~]# docker system df
#类型 总数 活跃的 大小 可伸缩性
TYPE TOTAL ACTIVE SIZE RECLAIMABLE
Images 9 1 4.242GB 3.562GB (83%)
Containers 1 0 5.635kB 5.635kB (100%)
Local Volumes 0 0 0B 0B
Build Cache 0 0 0B 0B
命令6：修改镜像名字 docker tag
[root@gh ~]# docker tag mytomcat:1.1 xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx[服务器端口]:8081/mytomcat:1.2
[root@gh ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mytomcat 1.1 c62069e2ed0b 17 hours ago 746MB
101.201.234.58:8081/mytomcat 1.2 c62069e2ed0b 17 hours ago 746MB面试题：docker 虚悬镜像是什么？
仓库名、标签都是<none>的镜像，俗称虚悬镜像dangling image
容器命令
值得注意的是，我们有了镜像才可以创建容器。
新建容器并启动 docker run image
docker run [可选参数] image
#参数说明
--name 容器名称 区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式进行，进入容器查看内容
交互运行 需要给一个控制台 一般在/bin下 默认使用/bin/bash
-P(大写) 指定容器端口
-P 主机端口:容器端口 (常用)
-P 容器端口
容器端口
-P ip主机端口
-p(小写) 随机指定端口
#测试，启动并进入容器
[root@gh ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@794b213af7a2 /]# # 794b213af7a2 容器id
#查看容器内的 centos
[root@gh ~]# ls 基础版本，很多命令都是不完善的！
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
#从容器中退回主机
[root@gh ~]# exit
exit查看当前正在运行过的容器 docker ps
#查看当前正在运行的容器
doceker ps 命令 #查看当前正在运行过的容器
-a #查看当前正在运行过的容器 + 带历史运行的容器
-n=？ #显示最近创建的容器
-q #只显示容器的编号
[root@gh ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@gh ~]# docker ps -n =1 # 显示最近创建的一个容器
退出容器 exit ctrl + p+ q
exit #容器停止退出
ctrl + p + q # 容器不停止退出删除容器 docker rm
docker rm 容器id #删除指定容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q |xargs docker rm #删除所有容器启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id #启动容器
docker restart 容器id #重启容器
docker stop 容器id #停止当前正在运行容器
docker kill 容器id #强制停止容器容器内添加命令
# 1、进入容器
[root@gh ~]# docker exec -it tomcat01 /bin/bash
# 2、执行 apt-get update 先更新我们的包管理工具
root@d6ed68dc1714:/usr/local/tomcat# apt-get update
# 3、安装我们所需要的 ip 指令
root@d6ed68dc1714:/usr/local/tomcat# apt install -y iproute2
# 4、安装我们所需要的 ping 指令
root@d6ed68dc1714:/usr/local/tomcat# apt install iputils-ping
常用其他命令 重要
后台启动容器 docker run -d 镜像名
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@gh ~]# docker run -d centos
# 问题 docker ps， 发现centos停止了
# 常见的坑， docker 容器使用后台运行， 就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# nginx， 容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立即停止，就是没有程序了查看日志 docker logs
docker logs -tf --tail number 容器id
--since : 此参数指定了输出日志开始日期，即只输出指定日期之后的日志。
-f : 查看实时日志
-t : 查看日志产生的日期
-tail=10 : 查看最后的10条日志
-t : 查看日志产生
的日期 -tail=10 : 查看最后的10条日志 qfjy_exam : 容器名称
[root@gh ~]#]# docker logs -tf --tail 1 8d1621e09bff # 日志输出
2022-03-16T10:53:15.987702897Z [root@gh ~]# exit
# 自己编写一段shell脚本
-d 后台启动 让centos 有作用 -c写命令 循环 打印xiaofang 每隔一秒打印一次
[root@gh ~]#docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo xiaofan;sleep 1;done"
a0d580a21251da97bc050763cf2d5692a455c228fa2a711c3609872008e654c2
[root@gh ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a0d580a21251 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 3 seconds ago Up 1 second lucid_black
# 显示日志
-tf # 显示日志
--tail number # 显示日志条数
[root@gh ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 a0d580a21251 # 显示10条日志信息查看容器中进程信息ps docker top
# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@gh ~]# docker top df358bc06b17
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY
root 28498 28482 0 19:38 ? 查看镜像的元数据 重要 docker inspect
# 命令
docker inspect 容器id
#测试
[root@gh ~]# docker inspect 794b213af7a2
[
{
"Id": "794b213af7a21f664814619e58da3424e70a232a33026c495ab149c8bddf96b3",
"Created": "2022-3-16T10:38:46.25261698Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 9919,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-11-28T10:52:20.339303889Z",
"FinishedAt": "2021-11-28T10:41:11.605667875Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/794b213af7a21f664814619e58da3424e70a232a33026c495ab149c8bddf96b3/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/794b213af7a21f664814619e58da3424e70a232a33026c495ab149c8bddf96b3/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/794b213af7a21f664814619e58da3424e70a232a33026c495ab149c8bddf96b3/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/794b213af7a21f664814619e58da3424e70a232a33026c495ab149c8bddf96b3/794b213af7a21f664814619e58da3424e70a232a33026c495ab149c8bddf96b3-json.log",
"Name": "/agitated_solomon",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/71b206fb5217d22f5f9f65a78e4a129c838700546553a89d2f9bb967b55630c3-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0e36021a8a27580154906b211ae9cbb309db5fe65cdad78f9fbb0fadd6c2acdd/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/71b206fb5217d22f5f9f65a78e4a129c838700546553a89d2f9bb967b55630c3/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/71b206fb5217d22f5f9f65a78e4a129c838700546553a89d2f9bb967b55630c3/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/71b206fb5217d22f5f9f65a78e4a129c838700546553a89d2f9bb967b55630c3/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "794b213af7a2",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": true,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": true,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "f180f57d5c6e7e72e7ea15cd2b5cf2cf2a00b8a5c2f9338b02162bbdc7c79bad",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/f180f57d5c6e",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "73384b37bcf80b385a1ff3d0ae8b58cc46ba3d68650edd0aca6672a17b634695",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "88ed37749ffac8672909d29ed312cb90bd87e463248b6076343392eda1a81f8b",
"EndpointID": "73384b37bcf80b385a1ff3d0ae8b58cc46ba3d68650edd0aca6672a17b634695",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
[root@gh ~]# 进入当前正在进行的容器 重要 docker exec -it 交互模式执行
# 我们通常容器使用后台方式运行的， 需要进入容器，修改一些配置
# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash
# 测试
[root@gh ~]# docker exec -it df358bc06b17 /bin/bash
[root@gh ~]#ls
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
[root@gh ~]#ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 Aug11 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 29 0 0 01:06 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 43 29 0 01:06 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef
# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
#测试
[root@gh ~]#docker attach df358bc06b17
正在执行的当前的代码
# docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
# docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程从容器中拷贝文件到主机 docker cp
docker cp 容器id：容器内路径 目的地主机路径
[root@gh ~]#docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
56a5583b25b4 centos "/bin/bash" 7seconds ago Up 6 seconds
#1. 进入docker容器内部
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z ~]# docker exec -it 56a5583b25b4 /bin/bash
[root@gh ~]#ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
#在容器内新建一个文件
[root@55321bcae33d /]# echo "hello" > java.java
[root@55321bcae33d /]# cat hello.java
hello
[root@55321bcae33d /]# exit
exit
#将这个文件拷贝到主机上 hello.java拷贝到home文件加下
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z /]# docker cp 56a5583b25b4:/hello.java /home
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z /]# cd /home
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z home]# ls -l #可以看见java.java存在
#拷贝是一个手动的过程 未来我们使用 -v卷技术，可以实现， 小结
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
#当前shell下 attach连接指定运行的镜像
build Build an image from a Dockerfile # 通过Dockerfile定制镜像
commit Create a new image from a container's changes #提交当前容器为新的镜像
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem #拷贝文件
create Create a new container #创建一个新的容器
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem #查看docker容器的变化
events Get real time events from the server # 从服务获取容器实时时间
exec Run a command in a running container # 在运行中的容器上运行命令
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive #导出容器文件系统作为一个tar归档文件[对应import]
history Show the history of an image # 展示一个镜像形成历史
images List images #列出系统当前的镜像
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image #从tar包中导入内容创建一个文件系统镜像
info Display system-wide information # 显示全系统信息
inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects #查看容器详细信息
kill Kill one or more running containers # kill指定docker容器
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN #从一个tar包或标准输入中加载一个镜像[对应save]
login Log in to a Docker registry #
logout Log out from a Docker registry
logs Fetch the logs of a container
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
ps List containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
search Search the Docker Hub for images
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
version Show the Docker version information
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
6万+
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
