Hibernate入门之第一个程序

1.Hibernate配置文件

Hibernate通过读取默认的XML配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml加载数据库的配置信息，改配置文件默认存储于classpath根目录下。
Hibernate配置文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <!-- 数据库驱动 -->
        <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
        <!-- 数据库连接的URL -->
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/表的名称</property>
        <!-- 数据库连接用户名 -->
        <property name="connection.username">用户名</property>
        <!-- 数据库连接密码 -->
        <property name="connection.password">连接密码</property>
        <!-- Hibernate方言 -->
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
        <!-- 打印SQL语句 -->
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        <!-- 映射文件  -->
        <mapping resource="employee/Employee.hbm.xml"/>
    </session-factory>
 </hibernate-configuration>

2.编写持久化类

假设有一个数据库user表，有id, name，sex，business，address，remark6个字段，编写持久化类如下所示：

public class Employee {

    private Integer id;//id值

    private String name;//员工姓名

    private String sex;//性别

    private String business;//职务

    private String address;//住址

    private String remark;//备注

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public String getBusiness() {
        return business;
    }

    public void setBusiness(String business) {
        this.business = business;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String getRemark() {
        return remark;
    }

    public void setRemark(String remark) {
        this.remark = remark;
    }
}

这是一个普通类，没有特殊功能且不依赖于任何对象，但创建时需要注意一下几点：
1.必须要声明一个默认的无参的构造方法。
2.类的声明是非final类型的。
3.为属性声明get和set方法。

3.编写映射文件

Hibernate的映射文件和持久化类相呼应，映射文件指定持久化类和数据表之间的映射关系。其命名方式规范为*.hbm.xml。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
 <!-- 员工信息字段配置信息 -->
 <hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="employee.Employee" table="tb_employee">
        <!-- id值 -->
        <id name="id" column="id" type="int">
            <generator class="native"/>
        </id>
        <!-- 姓名 -->
        <property name="name" type="string" length="45">
            <column name="name"/>
        </property>
        <!-- 性别 -->
        <property name="sex" type="string" length="1">
            <column name="sex"/>
        </property>
        <!-- 职务 -->
        <property name="business" type="string" length="45">
            <column name="business"/>
        </property>
        <!-- 地址 -->
        <property name="address" type="string" length="100">
            <column name="address"/>
        </property>
        <!-- 备注 -->
        <property name="remark" type="string" length="200">
            <column name="remark"/>
        </property>
    </class>
 </hibernate-mapping>

4.编写Hibernate的初始化类

package com.wgh.hibernate;

import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder;

public class HibernateUtil {
    private static final ThreadLocal<Session> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Session>();
    private static SessionFactory sessionFactory = null; // SessionFactory对象
    // 静态块
    static {
        try {
            Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure(); // 加载Hibernate配置文件
            sessionFactory = cfg
                    .buildSessionFactory(new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(cfg.getProperties())
                            .buildServiceRegistry());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("创建会话工厂失败");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 获取Session
     * 
     * @return Session
     * @throws HibernateException
     */
    public static Session getSession() throws HibernateException {
        Session session = (Session) threadLocal.get();
        if (session == null || !session.isOpen()) {
            if (sessionFactory == null) {
                rebuildSessionFactory();
            }
            session = (sessionFactory != null) ? sessionFactory.openSession()
                    : null;
            threadLocal.set(session);
        }
        return session;
    }

    /**
     * 重建会话工厂
     */
    public static void rebuildSessionFactory() {
        try {
            Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure(); // 加载Hibernate配置文件
            sessionFactory = cfg
                    .buildSessionFactory(new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(cfg.getProperties())
                            .buildServiceRegistry());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("创建会话工厂失败");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 获取SessionFactory对象
     * 
     * @return SessionFactory对象
     */
    public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
        return sessionFactory;
    }

    /**
     * 关闭Session
     * 
     * @throws HibernateException
     */
    public static void closeSession() throws HibernateException {
        Session session = (Session) threadLocal.get();
        threadLocal.set(null);
        if (session != null) {
            session.close(); // 关闭Session
        }
    }
}