算法1----链表白银 面试高频算法题 笔记

1.两个链表的第一个公共子节点

具体方法1：哈希和集合
 

/**
     * 方法：通过集合来辅助查找
     *
     * @param headA
     * @param headB
     * @return
     */
    public static ListNode findFirstCommonNodeBySet(ListNode headA, ListNode headB) {
        Set<ListNode> set = new HashSet<>();
        while (headA != null) {
            set.add(headA);
            headA = headA.next;
        }

        while (headB != null) {
            if (set.contains(headB))
                return headB;
            headB = headB.next;
        }
        return null;
    }

注：保存的是节点,判断的是地址相同，不是数值相同。

具体方法2：栈

 public static ListNode findFirstCommonNodeByStack(ListNode headA, ListNode headB) {
        Stack<ListNode> stackA = new Stack();
        Stack<ListNode> stackB = new Stack();
        while (headA != null) {
            stackA.push(headA);
            headA = headA.next;
        }
        while (headB != null) {
            stackB.push(headB);
            headB = headB.next;
        }

        ListNode preNode = null;
        while (stackB.size() > 0 && stackA.size() > 0) {
            if (stackA.peek() == stackB.peek()) {
                preNode = stackA.pop();
                stackB.pop();
            } else {
                break;
            }
        }
        return preNode;
    }

注：栈是后进后出，我们要找最后一个相等的地方，是因为最后一组一致的结点是第一个结点。另外一个节点只有一个后继，但是可以被多个结点指向

2.判断链表是否是回文序列

1-2-2-1 true

    /**
     * 方法2：全部压栈
     *
     * @param head
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean isPalindromeByAllStack(ListNode head) {
        ListNode temp = head;
        Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack();
        //把链表节点的值存放到栈中
        while (temp != null) {
            stack.push(temp.val);
            temp = temp.next;
        }
        //然后再出栈
        while (head != null) {
            if (head.val != stack.pop()) {
                return false;
            }
            head = head.next;
        }
        return true;
    }

3.合并有序链表

1.合并两个

  public static ListNode mergeTwoLists(ListNode list1, ListNode list2) {
        // write code here
        ListNode newHead = new ListNode(-1);
        ListNode res = newHead;
        while (list1 != null || list2 != null) {

            if (list1 != null && list2 != null) {//都不为空的情况
                if (list1.val < list2.val) {
                    newHead.next = list1;
                    list1 = list1.next;
                } else if (list1.val > list2.val) {
                    newHead.next = list2;
                    list2 = list2.next;
                } else { //相等的情况，分别接两个链
                    newHead.next = list2;
                    list2 = list2.next;
                    newHead = newHead.next;
                    newHead.next = list1;
                    list1 = list1.next;
                }
                newHead = newHead.next;
            } else if (list1 != null && list2 == null) {
                newHead.next = list1;
                list1 = list1.next;
                newHead = newHead.next;
            } else if (list1 == null && list2 != null) {
                newHead.next = list2;
                list2 = list2.next;
                newHead = newHead.next;
            }
        }
        return res.next;
    }


/**
     * 方法2：比方法1更加精简的实现方法
     *
     * @param l1
     * @param l2
     * @return
     */
    public static ListNode mergeTwoListsMoreSimple(ListNode l1, ListNode l2) {
        ListNode prehead = new ListNode(-1);
        ListNode prev = prehead;
        while (l1 != null && l2 != null) {
            if (l1.val <= l2.val) {
                prev.next = l1;
                l1 = l1.next;
            } else {
                prev.next = l2;
                l2 = l2.next;
            }
            prev = prev.next;
        }
        // 最多只有一个还未被合并完，直接接上去就行了,这是链表合并比数组合并方便的地方
        prev.next = l1 == null ? l2 : l1;
        return prehead.next;
    }

    /**
     * 方法3：通过递归方式来实现
     *
     * @param l1
     * @param l2
     * @return
     */
    public static ListNode mergeTwoListsByRe(ListNode l1, ListNode l2) {
        if (l1 == null) {
            return l2;
        }
        if (l2 == null) {
            return l1;
        }
        if (l1.val < l2.val) {
            l1.next = mergeTwoLists(l1.next, l2);
            return l1;
        } else {
            l2.next = mergeTwoLists(l1, l2.next);
            return l2;
        }
    }

    private static ListNode initLinkedList(int[] array) {
        ListNode head = null, cur = null;

        for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
            ListNode newNode = new ListNode(array[i]);
            newNode.next = null;
            if (i == 0) {
                head = newNode;
                cur = head;
            } else {
                cur.next = newNode;
                cur = newNode;
            }
        }
        return head;
    }

2.合并k个

  /**
     * 合并K个链表
     *
     * @param lists
     * @return
     */
    public static ListNode mergeKLists(ListNode[] lists) {
        ListNode res = null;
        for (ListNode list : lists) {
            res = mergeTwoListsMoreSimple(res, list);
        }
        return res;
    }

3.将List1删除一部分并把List2中的插入到List1删除的那部分中

4.双指针

1.寻找中间结点

返回中间节点（如果有两个的话，返回第二个）

慢指针一次走一个，快指针一次走两个，快指针走到结尾慢指针正好走到一半。

    public static ListNode middleNode(ListNode head) {
        ListNode slow = head, fast = head;
        while (fast != null && fast.next != null) {
            slow = slow.next;
            fast = fast.next.next;
        }
        return slow;
    }

2.寻找倒数第k个元素

先让快指针走，等两个相差k个距离的时候再一起走。（注意链表长度小于k的情况）

    public static ListNode getKthFromEnd(ListNode head, int k) {
        ListNode fast = head;
        ListNode slow = head;

        while (fast != null && k > 0) {
            fast = fast.next;
            k--;
        }
        while (fast != null) {
            fast = fast.next;
            slow = slow.next;
        }
        return slow;
    }

3.旋转链表

public static ListNode rotateRight(ListNode head, int k) {
        if (head == null || k == 0) {
            return head;
        }
        ListNode temp = head;
        ListNode fast = head;
        ListNode slow = head;
        int len = 0;
        while (head != null) {
            head = head.next;
            len++;
        }
        if (k % len == 0) {
            return temp;
        }
        while ((k % len) > 0) {
            k--;
            fast = fast.next;
        }
        while (fast.next != null) {
            fast = fast.next;
            slow = slow.next;
        }
        ListNode res = slow.next;
        slow.next = null;
        fast.next = temp;
        return res;
    }

5.删除链表元素

1.删除特定结点

2.删除倒数第n个结点

3.删除重复元素

1.重复元素保留一个

2.重复元素不保留

6.再讨论公共子节点问题

1.拼接两个字符串

2.差和双指针