C++11中的NAN_std::nan-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ithiker/article/details/113863770

本文探讨了C++11中NAN（Not-A-Number）的特性，包括NAN不等于自身，如何使用std::isnan进行判断，以及NAN与无穷大值的区别。示例代码展示了NAN在数学运算中的行为，如std::floor对NAN的操作。同时提到了不同类型的NAN在运算时的行为差异，特别是signal_NaN在计算中可能引发异常。

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C++11中引入了NAN, NAN是Not-A-Number的简写，表示不是一个数值，那么下面的代码：

#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) {

    if (NAN == NAN) {
        std::cout << "NAN == NAN is true" << std::endl;
    } else {
        std::cout << "NAN == NAN is false" << std::endl;
    }

    float ans1 = sqrtf(-1.0f);
    if (ans1 == NAN) {
        std::cout << "ans1 == NAN is true" << std::endl;
    } else {
        std::cout << "ans1 == NAN is false" << std::endl;
    }

    if (std::isnan(ans1)) {
        std::cout << "isnan(ans) is true" << std::endl;
    } else {
        std::cout << "isnan(ans) is false" << std::endl;
    }

    if (std::isnan(NAN)) {
        std::cout << "isnan(NAN) is true" << std::endl;
    } else {
        std::cout << "isnan(NAN) is false" << std::endl;
    }

    double v = std::strtod("nan", NULL);
    if (std::isnan(v)) {
        std::cout << "isnan(v) is true: v = " << v << std::endl;
    } else {
        std::cout << "isnan(v) is false, v = " << v << std::endl;
    }

    if (std::isnan((1.0/0.0))) {
        std::cout << "isnan(1.0/0.0)) is true" << std::endl;
    } else {
        std::cout << "isnan(1.0/0.0) is false" << std::endl;
    }
    if (std::isinf((1.0/0.0))) {
        std::cout << "isinf(1.0/0.0)) is true" << std::endl;
    } else {
        std::cout << "isinf(1.0/0.0) is false" << std::endl;
    }

    if (std::isinf((1.0/-0.0))) {
        std::cout << "isinf(1.0/-0.0)) is true" << std::endl;
    } else {
        std::cout << "isinf(1.0/-0.0) is false" << std::endl;
    }

    std::cout << "floor(NAN) = " << (std::floor(NAN)) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "floor(NAN) + 1 = " << (std::floor(NAN) +1) << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

运行输出是什么呢？

NAN == NAN is false
ans1 == NAN is false
isnan(ans) is true
isnan(NAN) is true
isnan(v) is true: v = nan
isnan(1.0/0.0) is false
isinf(1.0/0.0)) is true
isinf(1.0/-0.0)) is true
floor(NAN) = nan
floor(NAN) + 1 = nan

从上面的代码中我们可以总结到：

NAN和NAN之间不能用"==" 来比较，负数取平方根计算取来的结果是NAN,但是也不能用 “==” 来判断
判断是否为NAN须要用std::isnan来判断
std::strtod(“nan”, NULL)返回NAN, 其它非"nan"的字符串返回0，比如std::strtod(“otherstring”, NULL)返回0
1.0/0.0不是NAN，是无穷大值，C++中用std::isinf来判断是无穷大值或者无穷小值
NAN可以进行std::floor等数值运算，其结果为NAN, NAN 值进行加减等数值运算也是NAN

对于第五点，NAN又分为quiet_NaN和signal_NaN,前者在进行运算时不会抛出异常，后者会：
参考这里的示例代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <limits>
#include <cfenv>
#pragma STDC_FENV_ACCESS on
void show_fe_exceptions()
{
    int n = std::fetestexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
    if(n & FE_INVALID) std::cout << "FE_INVALID is raised\n";
    else if(n == 0)    std::cout << "no exceptions are raised\n";
    std::feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
}
int main()
{
    double snan = std::numeric_limits<double>::signaling_NaN();
    std::cout << "After sNaN was obtained ";
    show_fe_exceptions();
    double qnan = snan * 2.0;
    std::cout << "After sNaN was multiplied by 2 ";
    show_fe_exceptions();
    double qnan2 = qnan * 2.0;
    std::cout << "After the quieted NaN was multiplied by 2 ";
    show_fe_exceptions();
    std::cout << "The result is " << qnan2 << '\n';
}

输出为：

After sNaN was obtained no exceptions are raised
After sNaN was multiplied by 2 FE_INVALID is raised
After the quieted NaN was multiplied by 2 no exceptions are raised
The result is nan