字典:
1.字典的索引:
不同于list 和 str ,字典的索引是自己定义的。
例如:
test_dict = {“jim”:1,”tom”:2}
jim,tom 就是字典的索引,等同于list和str 的0,1
test_dict[“jim”] = · list[0]
2. 字典没有切片
3. 字典可以迭代,并用于循环
字典是无序的。
test_dict = {"name":"jim","ages":20}
for k,v in test_dict.items():
print k
print v
字典常用的函数:
def clear(self):
D.clear() -> None
清空字典
def get(self, k, d=None)
D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d. d defaults to None
获得指定的key对应的value
与index不同的是,对于索引,如果所指定的key 不存在,那么就会报错
但对于get ,如果value不存在,则会返回none ,并不会报错,这个特性很有用
print test_dict.get("name")
print test_dict.get("name111")
print test_dict["name"]
print test_dict["name111"]
jim
None
jim
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:/Python/test/list.py", line 15, in <module>
print test_dict["name111"]
KeyError: 'name111'
def has_key(self, k)
D.has_key(k) -> True if D has a key k, else False
判断是否含有该key ,如果含有,返回True ,如果不含有,返回False
print test_dict.has_key("age")
def keys(self):
D.keys() -> list of D's keys
拿出字典D的所有Keys
print test_dict.keys()
['ages', 'name']
def pop(self, k, d=None)
D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised
删除一个特定的key,如果这个key 存在,则删除,并返回对应的value,如果不存在,那么,如果由定义,返回定义的,如果没有定义,报错
test_dict = {"name":"jim","ages":20}
print test_dict.pop("ages1",1)
print test_dict
1
{'ages': 20, 'name': 'jim'}
def popitem(self)
D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a 2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty.
a = test_dict.popitem()
print a
print test_dict
result > ('ages', 20)
{'name': 'jim'}
def update(self, E=None, **F)
D.update([E, ]**F) -> None. Update D from dict/iterable E and F
if E present and has a .keys() method, does: for k in E: D[k] = E[k]
If E present and lacks .keys() method, does: for (k, v) in E: D[k] = v
In either case, this is followed by: for k in F: D[k] = F[k]
d = {'age': 34, 'name': 'jeapedu'}
d1 = {"age":38}
print d.update(d1)
result > {'age': 38, 'name': 'jeapedu'}
d2 = {'sex' : 'm'}
print d.update(d2)
{'age': 38, 'name': 'jeapedu', 'sex': 'm'}
def values(self)
D.values() -> list of D's values
返回D中的values